Platelet Apoptosis Can Be Triggered Bypassing the Death Receptors

• Main Authors: Valery Leytin PhD, Armen V. Gyulkhandanyan PhD, John Freedman MD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: SAGE Publishing 2019-06-01
• Series: Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029619853641

In nucleated cells, the extrinsic pathway of the programmed cell death (apoptosis) is triggered by interaction of death ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily with the death receptors on external cell surface membrane. In this review, we present evidence that, in contrast to nucleated cells, apoptosis in anucleate platelets can be induced through bypassing the death receptors, using instead specific receptors on the platelet surface mediating platelet activation, aggregation, and blood coagulation. These platelet surface receptors include the protease-activated receptor 1 of thrombin and glycoproteins IIbIIIa and Ibα, receptors of fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor. The pro-apoptotic BH3 mimetic ABT-737 and calcium ionophore A23187 also trigger platelet apoptosis without using death receptors. These agents induce the intrinsic pathway of platelet apoptosis by direct targeting mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial apoptotic responses.