Mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studies

Cancer is a complex disease in which cells progressively accumulate mutations disrupting their cellular processes. A fraction of these mutations drive tumourigenesis by affecting oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, but many mutations are passengers with no clear contribution to tumour development....

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Main Authors:	J. R. de Ruiter, L. F. A. Wessels, J. Jonkers
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	The Royal Society 2018-08-01
Series:	Open Biology
Subjects:	cancer driver genes mouse models gemms oncogenomics genetic screening
Online Access:	https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsob.180080

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spelling	doaj-e2ee2d21a73a49ceb0f3858c483add142020-11-25T03:42:08ZengThe Royal SocietyOpen Biology2046-24412018-08-018810.1098/rsob.180080180080Mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studiesJ. R. de RuiterL. F. A. WesselsJ. JonkersCancer is a complex disease in which cells progressively accumulate mutations disrupting their cellular processes. A fraction of these mutations drive tumourigenesis by affecting oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, but many mutations are passengers with no clear contribution to tumour development. The advancement of DNA and RNA sequencing technologies has enabled in-depth analysis of thousands of human tumours from various tissues to perform systematic characterization of their (epi)genomes and transcriptomes in order to identify (epi)genetic changes associated with cancer. Combined with considerable progress in algorithmic development, this expansion in scale has resulted in the identification of many cancer-associated mutations, genes and pathways that are considered to be potential drivers of tumour development. However, it remains challenging to systematically identify drivers affected by complex genomic rearrangements and drivers residing in non-coding regions of the genome or in complex amplicons or deletions of copy-number driven tumours. Furthermore, functional characterization is challenging in the human context due to the lack of genetically tractable experimental model systems in which the effects of mutations can be studied in the context of their tumour microenvironment. In this respect, mouse models of human cancer provide unique opportunities for pinpointing novel driver genes and their detailed characterization. In this review, we provide an overview of approaches for complementing human studies with data from mouse models. We also discuss state-of-the-art technological developments for cancer gene discovery and validation in mice.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsob.180080cancerdriver genesmouse modelsgemmsoncogenomicsgenetic screening
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	J. R. de Ruiter L. F. A. Wessels J. Jonkers
spellingShingle	J. R. de Ruiter L. F. A. Wessels J. Jonkers Mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studies Open Biology cancer driver genes mouse models gemms oncogenomics genetic screening
author_facet	J. R. de Ruiter L. F. A. Wessels J. Jonkers
author_sort	J. R. de Ruiter
title	Mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studies
title_short	Mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studies
title_full	Mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studies
title_fullStr	Mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studies
title_full_unstemmed	Mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studies
title_sort	mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studies
publisher	The Royal Society
series	Open Biology
issn	2046-2441
publishDate	2018-08-01
description	Cancer is a complex disease in which cells progressively accumulate mutations disrupting their cellular processes. A fraction of these mutations drive tumourigenesis by affecting oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, but many mutations are passengers with no clear contribution to tumour development. The advancement of DNA and RNA sequencing technologies has enabled in-depth analysis of thousands of human tumours from various tissues to perform systematic characterization of their (epi)genomes and transcriptomes in order to identify (epi)genetic changes associated with cancer. Combined with considerable progress in algorithmic development, this expansion in scale has resulted in the identification of many cancer-associated mutations, genes and pathways that are considered to be potential drivers of tumour development. However, it remains challenging to systematically identify drivers affected by complex genomic rearrangements and drivers residing in non-coding regions of the genome or in complex amplicons or deletions of copy-number driven tumours. Furthermore, functional characterization is challenging in the human context due to the lack of genetically tractable experimental model systems in which the effects of mutations can be studied in the context of their tumour microenvironment. In this respect, mouse models of human cancer provide unique opportunities for pinpointing novel driver genes and their detailed characterization. In this review, we provide an overview of approaches for complementing human studies with data from mouse models. We also discuss state-of-the-art technological developments for cancer gene discovery and validation in mice.
topic	cancer driver genes mouse models gemms oncogenomics genetic screening
url	https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsob.180080
work_keys_str_mv	AT jrderuiter mousemodelsintheeraoflargehumantumoursequencingstudies AT lfawessels mousemodelsintheeraoflargehumantumoursequencingstudies AT jjonkers mousemodelsintheeraoflargehumantumoursequencingstudies
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Mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studies

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