Hypertension Prevalence and Determinants among Black South African Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas

The burden of hypertension is reported to be on the rise in developing countries, such as South Africa, despite increased efforts to address it. Using a cross-sectional study design, we assessed and compared the prevalence of and risk factors associated with hypertension amongst adults aged ≥18 year...

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Main Authors: Peter M. Mphekgwana, Nancy Malema, Kotsedi D. Monyeki, Tebogo M. Mothiba, Mpsanyana Makgahlela, Nancy Kgatla, Irene Makgato, Tholene Sodi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-10-01
Series:International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/20/7463
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spelling doaj-e17bae1a6ef64b16ae5113db0c1039d02020-11-25T03:53:58ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012020-10-01177463746310.3390/ijerph17207463Hypertension Prevalence and Determinants among Black South African Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural AreasPeter M. Mphekgwana0Nancy Malema1Kotsedi D. Monyeki2Tebogo M. Mothiba3Mpsanyana Makgahlela4Nancy Kgatla5Irene Makgato6Tholene Sodi7Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South AfricaDepartment of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South AfricaDepartment of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South AfricaFaculty of Health Science, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South AfricaDepartment of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South AfricaDepartment of Nursing Science, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South AfricaDepartment of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South AfricaDepartment of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South AfricaThe burden of hypertension is reported to be on the rise in developing countries, such as South Africa, despite increased efforts to address it. Using a cross-sectional study design, we assessed and compared the prevalence of and risk factors associated with hypertension amongst adults aged ≥18 years in semi-urban and rural communities (1187 semi-urban and 1106 rural). Trained community health workers administered the INTERHEART Risk Score tool and performed blood pressure assessments using the MEDIC Pharmacists Choice Blood Pressure Monitor. Hypertension was defined to be a systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors and determine their relationship with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension amongst semi-urban and rural communities was 21% with no gender difference. In the semi-urban area, physical activity, family history, fruit intake, salty food, and eating meat were significantly associated with the odds of hypertension among women, whereas only the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), diabetic status, and salty food were the predictors for rural women. Factors such as fried food and low fruit intake were significantly associated with the odds of hypertension among men in the semi-urban area, whereas only the WHR was significant among men in the rural area. Hypertension was found to be prevalent among semi-urban and rural adults in Limpopo Province, South Africa.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/20/7463hypertensionnon-communicable diseasescardiovascular diseasessemi-urbanrural
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Peter M. Mphekgwana
Nancy Malema
Kotsedi D. Monyeki
Tebogo M. Mothiba
Mpsanyana Makgahlela
Nancy Kgatla
Irene Makgato
Tholene Sodi
spellingShingle Peter M. Mphekgwana
Nancy Malema
Kotsedi D. Monyeki
Tebogo M. Mothiba
Mpsanyana Makgahlela
Nancy Kgatla
Irene Makgato
Tholene Sodi
Hypertension Prevalence and Determinants among Black South African Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
hypertension
non-communicable diseases
cardiovascular diseases
semi-urban
rural
author_facet Peter M. Mphekgwana
Nancy Malema
Kotsedi D. Monyeki
Tebogo M. Mothiba
Mpsanyana Makgahlela
Nancy Kgatla
Irene Makgato
Tholene Sodi
author_sort Peter M. Mphekgwana
title Hypertension Prevalence and Determinants among Black South African Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas
title_short Hypertension Prevalence and Determinants among Black South African Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas
title_full Hypertension Prevalence and Determinants among Black South African Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas
title_fullStr Hypertension Prevalence and Determinants among Black South African Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas
title_full_unstemmed Hypertension Prevalence and Determinants among Black South African Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas
title_sort hypertension prevalence and determinants among black south african adults in semi-urban and rural areas
publisher MDPI AG
series International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
issn 1661-7827
1660-4601
publishDate 2020-10-01
description The burden of hypertension is reported to be on the rise in developing countries, such as South Africa, despite increased efforts to address it. Using a cross-sectional study design, we assessed and compared the prevalence of and risk factors associated with hypertension amongst adults aged ≥18 years in semi-urban and rural communities (1187 semi-urban and 1106 rural). Trained community health workers administered the INTERHEART Risk Score tool and performed blood pressure assessments using the MEDIC Pharmacists Choice Blood Pressure Monitor. Hypertension was defined to be a systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors and determine their relationship with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension amongst semi-urban and rural communities was 21% with no gender difference. In the semi-urban area, physical activity, family history, fruit intake, salty food, and eating meat were significantly associated with the odds of hypertension among women, whereas only the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), diabetic status, and salty food were the predictors for rural women. Factors such as fried food and low fruit intake were significantly associated with the odds of hypertension among men in the semi-urban area, whereas only the WHR was significant among men in the rural area. Hypertension was found to be prevalent among semi-urban and rural adults in Limpopo Province, South Africa.
topic hypertension
non-communicable diseases
cardiovascular diseases
semi-urban
rural
url https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/20/7463
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