A LIDAR-Compatible, Multichannel Raman Spectrometer for Remote Sensing of Water Temperature

The design and operation of a custom-built LIDAR-compatible, four-channel Raman spectrometer integrated to a 532 nm pulsed laser is presented. The multichannel design allowed for simultaneous collection of Raman photons at two spectral regions identified as highly sensitive to changes in water tempe...

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Main Authors:	Andréa de Lima Ribeiro, Christopher Artlett, Helen Pask
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2019-07-01
Series:	Sensors
Subjects:	Raman spectroscopy remote sensing water temperature natural waters LIDAR
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2933

id	doaj-e143e8abc40d4b5b9e112308125cad00
record_format	Article
spelling	doaj-e143e8abc40d4b5b9e112308125cad002020-11-24T21:31:46ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-07-011913293310.3390/s19132933s19132933A LIDAR-Compatible, Multichannel Raman Spectrometer for Remote Sensing of Water TemperatureAndréa de Lima Ribeiro0Christopher Artlett1Helen Pask2MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, AustraliaMQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, AustraliaMQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, AustraliaThe design and operation of a custom-built LIDAR-compatible, four-channel Raman spectrometer integrated to a 532 nm pulsed laser is presented. The multichannel design allowed for simultaneous collection of Raman photons at two spectral regions identified as highly sensitive to changes in water temperature. For each of these spectral bands, the signals having polarization parallel to (∥) and perpendicular to (⟂), the excitation polarization were collected. Four independent temperature markers were calculated from the Raman signals: two-colour(∥), two-colour(⟂), depolarization(A) and depolarization(B). A total of sixteen datasets were analysed for one ultrapure (Milli-Q) and three samples of natural water. Temperature accuracies of ±0.4 °C−±0.8 °C were achieved using the two-colour(∥) marker. When multiple linear regression models were constructed (linear combination) utilizing all simultaneously acquired temperature markers, improved accuracies of ±0.3 °C−±0.7 °C were achieved.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2933Raman spectroscopyremote sensingwatertemperaturenatural watersLIDAR
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Andréa de Lima Ribeiro Christopher Artlett Helen Pask
spellingShingle	Andréa de Lima Ribeiro Christopher Artlett Helen Pask A LIDAR-Compatible, Multichannel Raman Spectrometer for Remote Sensing of Water Temperature Sensors Raman spectroscopy remote sensing water temperature natural waters LIDAR
author_facet	Andréa de Lima Ribeiro Christopher Artlett Helen Pask
author_sort	Andréa de Lima Ribeiro
title	A LIDAR-Compatible, Multichannel Raman Spectrometer for Remote Sensing of Water Temperature
title_short	A LIDAR-Compatible, Multichannel Raman Spectrometer for Remote Sensing of Water Temperature
title_full	A LIDAR-Compatible, Multichannel Raman Spectrometer for Remote Sensing of Water Temperature
title_fullStr	A LIDAR-Compatible, Multichannel Raman Spectrometer for Remote Sensing of Water Temperature
title_full_unstemmed	A LIDAR-Compatible, Multichannel Raman Spectrometer for Remote Sensing of Water Temperature
title_sort	lidar-compatible, multichannel raman spectrometer for remote sensing of water temperature
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Sensors
issn	1424-8220
publishDate	2019-07-01
description	The design and operation of a custom-built LIDAR-compatible, four-channel Raman spectrometer integrated to a 532 nm pulsed laser is presented. The multichannel design allowed for simultaneous collection of Raman photons at two spectral regions identified as highly sensitive to changes in water temperature. For each of these spectral bands, the signals having polarization parallel to (∥) and perpendicular to (⟂), the excitation polarization were collected. Four independent temperature markers were calculated from the Raman signals: two-colour(∥), two-colour(⟂), depolarization(A) and depolarization(B). A total of sixteen datasets were analysed for one ultrapure (Milli-Q) and three samples of natural water. Temperature accuracies of ±0.4 °C−±0.8 °C were achieved using the two-colour(∥) marker. When multiple linear regression models were constructed (linear combination) utilizing all simultaneously acquired temperature markers, improved accuracies of ±0.3 °C−±0.7 °C were achieved.
topic	Raman spectroscopy remote sensing water temperature natural waters LIDAR
url	https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2933
work_keys_str_mv	AT andreadelimaribeiro alidarcompatiblemultichannelramanspectrometerforremotesensingofwatertemperature AT christopherartlett alidarcompatiblemultichannelramanspectrometerforremotesensingofwatertemperature AT helenpask alidarcompatiblemultichannelramanspectrometerforremotesensingofwatertemperature AT andreadelimaribeiro lidarcompatiblemultichannelramanspectrometerforremotesensingofwatertemperature AT christopherartlett lidarcompatiblemultichannelramanspectrometerforremotesensingofwatertemperature AT helenpask lidarcompatiblemultichannelramanspectrometerforremotesensingofwatertemperature
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A LIDAR-Compatible, Multichannel Raman Spectrometer for Remote Sensing of Water Temperature

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