Prevalence and associated factors of depression among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide survey

Objective To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with depression among adolescent boys and girls.Design We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study.Setting This study was carried out in 82 randomly selected clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban and 10 slums) from eight divisions of B...

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Main Authors: Md M Islam Bulbul, Dipak Mitra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2021-01-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/1/e038954.full
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spelling doaj-e08f7c0bd44f4265ac1834307a31407c2021-02-20T12:31:19ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552021-01-0111110.1136/bmjopen-2020-038954Prevalence and associated factors of depression among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide surveyMd M Islam Bulbul0Dipak Mitra1National Nutrition Services (NNS), Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, BangladeshObjective To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with depression among adolescent boys and girls.Design We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study.Setting This study was carried out in 82 randomly selected clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban and 10 slums) from eight divisions of Bangladesh.Participants We interviewed 4907 adolescent boys and 4949 adolescent girls.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome measure was ‘any depression’ and the secondary outcome measures were types of depression: no or minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe.Results The overall prevalence of no or minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression was 75.5%, 17.9%, 5,4%, 1.1% and 0.1%, respectively. Across most of the sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric strata, the prevalence of any depression was higher among adolescent girls. In both sexes, depression was associated with higher age, higher maternal education, paternal occupation e.g., business, absence of a 6–9-year-old member in the household, food insecurity, household consumption of unfortified oil, household use of non-iodised salt, insufficient physical activity (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.24 for boys, 1.44 for girls) and increased television viewing time e.g., ≥121 minute/day (AOR: 1.95 for boys, 1.99 for girls). Only among boys, depression was also associated with higher paternal education e.g., complete secondary and above (AOR: 1.42), absence of another adolescent member in the household (AOR: 1.34), household use of solid biomass fuel (AOR: 1.39), use of any tobacco products (AOR: 2.17), and consumption of processed food (AOR: 1.24). Only among girls, non-slum urban residence, Muslim religion, and household size ≤4 were also associated with depression.Conclusion The prevalence of depression among adolescent boys and girls is high in Bangladesh. In most sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric strata, the prevalence is higher among girls. In this age group, depression is associated with a number of sociodemographic and lyfestyle factors. The government of Bangladesh should consider these findings while integrating adolescent mental health in the existing and future programmes.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/1/e038954.full
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Md M Islam Bulbul
Dipak Mitra
spellingShingle Md M Islam Bulbul
Dipak Mitra
Prevalence and associated factors of depression among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide survey
BMJ Open
author_facet Md M Islam Bulbul
Dipak Mitra
author_sort Md M Islam Bulbul
title Prevalence and associated factors of depression among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide survey
title_short Prevalence and associated factors of depression among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide survey
title_full Prevalence and associated factors of depression among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide survey
title_fullStr Prevalence and associated factors of depression among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide survey
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and associated factors of depression among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide survey
title_sort prevalence and associated factors of depression among adolescent boys and girls in bangladesh: findings from a nationwide survey
publisher BMJ Publishing Group
series BMJ Open
issn 2044-6055
publishDate 2021-01-01
description Objective To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with depression among adolescent boys and girls.Design We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study.Setting This study was carried out in 82 randomly selected clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban and 10 slums) from eight divisions of Bangladesh.Participants We interviewed 4907 adolescent boys and 4949 adolescent girls.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome measure was ‘any depression’ and the secondary outcome measures were types of depression: no or minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe.Results The overall prevalence of no or minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression was 75.5%, 17.9%, 5,4%, 1.1% and 0.1%, respectively. Across most of the sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric strata, the prevalence of any depression was higher among adolescent girls. In both sexes, depression was associated with higher age, higher maternal education, paternal occupation e.g., business, absence of a 6–9-year-old member in the household, food insecurity, household consumption of unfortified oil, household use of non-iodised salt, insufficient physical activity (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.24 for boys, 1.44 for girls) and increased television viewing time e.g., ≥121 minute/day (AOR: 1.95 for boys, 1.99 for girls). Only among boys, depression was also associated with higher paternal education e.g., complete secondary and above (AOR: 1.42), absence of another adolescent member in the household (AOR: 1.34), household use of solid biomass fuel (AOR: 1.39), use of any tobacco products (AOR: 2.17), and consumption of processed food (AOR: 1.24). Only among girls, non-slum urban residence, Muslim religion, and household size ≤4 were also associated with depression.Conclusion The prevalence of depression among adolescent boys and girls is high in Bangladesh. In most sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric strata, the prevalence is higher among girls. In this age group, depression is associated with a number of sociodemographic and lyfestyle factors. The government of Bangladesh should consider these findings while integrating adolescent mental health in the existing and future programmes.
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/1/e038954.full
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