Application of manual aspiration thrombectomy in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis in cancer patients: Descriptive retrospective cohort study

• Main Authors: Eu Hyun Kim, Hae Giu Lee, Jung Suk Oh, Ho Jong Chun, Byung Gil Choi, Myung Ah Lee
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021-01-01
• Series: PLoS ONE
• Online Access: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8336826/?tool=EBI

<h4>Objectives</h4> To determine the outcomes and feasibility of endovascular treatment, mainly based on manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT) with adjunctive percutaneous balloon angioplasty with or without stent deployment, for treatment of symptomatic ilio-femoral deep vein thrombosis (IFDVT) in cancer patients. <h4>Materials and methods</h4> In this retrospective cohort study, 135 consecutive patients (56 men; mean age, 63 years; 149 limbs) with acute (n = 113; 83.7%) and subacute to chronic (n = 22; 16.3%) symptomatic IFDVT underwent MAT-based endovascular treatment. Among them, adjunctive balloon angioplasty and stent placement was performed in 94 patients. Technical and clinical success regarding stage and cause of DVT was assessed. <h4>Results</h4> Technical success (complete thrombus removal without residual thrombus or stenosis) was achieved in 89.6%, and subjective symptom improvement was stated by 71.5% of treated patients. The primary patency rates were 88.1%, 81.6%, 76.0%, 74.1% and 69.1% at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 30 months, respectively. Recurrent IFDVT occurred in 19.3% (26/135) of patients, 0.79 cases per patients-years of follow up. According to the analysis by causes of IFDVT, recurrence rate was 19.3% (11/57), 21.2% (12/57), and 14.3% (3/21) in unknown, compression/invasion of the vein by cancerous mass, and May-Thurner syndrome groups, respectively (p = 0.798). No procedure-related complication developed. <h4>Conclusions</h4> Endovascular treatment based on MAT is a feasible treatment option with favorable outcomes and minimal risk of complication in cancer patients with symptomatic IFDVT.