Microwave-assisted protocol for squalene isolation and conversion from oil-deodoriser distillates

• Main Authors: Bucciol Fabio, Scholz Gertraud, Scholz Hans Jürgen, Cravotto Giancarlo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: De Gruyter 2019-01-01
• Series: Green Processing and Synthesis
• Subjects: deodoriser distillates; squalene; microwaves; esterification; hydrogenation
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2019-0056

Aiming to design a green and efficient protocol for squalane production from low-cost biomasses, a practical and scalable procedure for squalene extraction and hydrogenation to squalane is presented herein. The oil-deodoriser distillates that are produced by the vegetal-oil production chain are a renewable and cheap source of squalene. We were able to isolate an enriched fraction containing 89.0% of pure squalene (yield 55.4%) from a matrix containing about 2% squalene. Efficient microwave- assisted esterification under heterogeneous catalysis enabled the separation of fatty-acid methyl esters (FAME) via vacuum distillation. The residue was purified by flash-chromatography on a C-18 silica column using MeOH/H2O/2-propanol as the mobile phase. Finally, squalene was hydrogenated to the more stable squalane in a pressure-resistant microwave reactor. The reaction was performed over a Pd/C catalyst in EtOH, and even in solvent-free conditions, and was optimised using commercial squalene (5 bar of H2 at 100°C for 1 h).