Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial
In many Baltic regions, short-rotation willow (<i>Salix</i> spp.) is used as a vegetation filter for wastewater treatment and recycling of valuable nutrients to upsurge bioeconomy development. In this context, a four-year field trial (2016–2019) was carried out near a wastewater treatmen...
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doaj-df1a4a4df1e745d4b5dea603f66b884c2021-08-26T14:27:58ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-08-01132298229810.3390/w13162298Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field TrialMuhammad Mohsin0Erik Kaipiainen1Mir Md Abdus Salam2Nikolai Evstishenkov3Nicole Nawrot4Aki Villa5Ewa Wojciechowska6Suvi Kuittinen7Ari Pappinen8School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, PolandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, PolandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandIn many Baltic regions, short-rotation willow (<i>Salix</i> spp.) is used as a vegetation filter for wastewater treatment and recycling of valuable nutrients to upsurge bioeconomy development. In this context, a four-year field trial (2016–2019) was carried out near a wastewater treatment plant in eastern Finland (Outokumpu) to investigate the effect of the processed wastewater (WW) on biomass production as well as the nutrients uptake capability (mainly N and P) by a willow variety (<i>Salix schwerinii</i>). Results indicated that WW irrigation expressively increased the willow diameter growth and biomass yield around 256% and 6510%, respectively, compared to the control treatment site (without WW). The willow was also able to accumulate approximately 41–60% of the N and 32–50% of the P in two years (2018–2019). Overall, willow showed a total 20% mortality rate under WW irrigation throughout the growing periods (2017–2019) as compared to control (39%). The results demonstrate that willow has the potential to control eutrophication (reducing nutrients load) from the wastewater with the best survival rate and can provide high biomass production for bioenergy generations in cold climatic conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2298water pollutionwastewater reusenutrientnature-based solutionwillow |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Muhammad Mohsin Erik Kaipiainen Mir Md Abdus Salam Nikolai Evstishenkov Nicole Nawrot Aki Villa Ewa Wojciechowska Suvi Kuittinen Ari Pappinen |
spellingShingle |
Muhammad Mohsin Erik Kaipiainen Mir Md Abdus Salam Nikolai Evstishenkov Nicole Nawrot Aki Villa Ewa Wojciechowska Suvi Kuittinen Ari Pappinen Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial Water water pollution wastewater reuse nutrient nature-based solution willow |
author_facet |
Muhammad Mohsin Erik Kaipiainen Mir Md Abdus Salam Nikolai Evstishenkov Nicole Nawrot Aki Villa Ewa Wojciechowska Suvi Kuittinen Ari Pappinen |
author_sort |
Muhammad Mohsin |
title |
Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial |
title_short |
Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial |
title_full |
Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial |
title_fullStr |
Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial |
title_full_unstemmed |
Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial |
title_sort |
biomass production and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from processed municipal wastewater by <i>salix schwerinii</i>: a field trial |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Water |
issn |
2073-4441 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
In many Baltic regions, short-rotation willow (<i>Salix</i> spp.) is used as a vegetation filter for wastewater treatment and recycling of valuable nutrients to upsurge bioeconomy development. In this context, a four-year field trial (2016–2019) was carried out near a wastewater treatment plant in eastern Finland (Outokumpu) to investigate the effect of the processed wastewater (WW) on biomass production as well as the nutrients uptake capability (mainly N and P) by a willow variety (<i>Salix schwerinii</i>). Results indicated that WW irrigation expressively increased the willow diameter growth and biomass yield around 256% and 6510%, respectively, compared to the control treatment site (without WW). The willow was also able to accumulate approximately 41–60% of the N and 32–50% of the P in two years (2018–2019). Overall, willow showed a total 20% mortality rate under WW irrigation throughout the growing periods (2017–2019) as compared to control (39%). The results demonstrate that willow has the potential to control eutrophication (reducing nutrients load) from the wastewater with the best survival rate and can provide high biomass production for bioenergy generations in cold climatic conditions. |
topic |
water pollution wastewater reuse nutrient nature-based solution willow |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2298 |
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