Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial

In many Baltic regions, short-rotation willow (<i>Salix</i> spp.) is used as a vegetation filter for wastewater treatment and recycling of valuable nutrients to upsurge bioeconomy development. In this context, a four-year field trial (2016–2019) was carried out near a wastewater treatmen...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Mohsin, Erik Kaipiainen, Mir Md Abdus Salam, Nikolai Evstishenkov, Nicole Nawrot, Aki Villa, Ewa Wojciechowska, Suvi Kuittinen, Ari Pappinen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-08-01
Series:Water
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2298
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spelling doaj-df1a4a4df1e745d4b5dea603f66b884c2021-08-26T14:27:58ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-08-01132298229810.3390/w13162298Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field TrialMuhammad Mohsin0Erik Kaipiainen1Mir Md Abdus Salam2Nikolai Evstishenkov3Nicole Nawrot4Aki Villa5Ewa Wojciechowska6Suvi Kuittinen7Ari Pappinen8School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, PolandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, PolandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, FinlandIn many Baltic regions, short-rotation willow (<i>Salix</i> spp.) is used as a vegetation filter for wastewater treatment and recycling of valuable nutrients to upsurge bioeconomy development. In this context, a four-year field trial (2016–2019) was carried out near a wastewater treatment plant in eastern Finland (Outokumpu) to investigate the effect of the processed wastewater (WW) on biomass production as well as the nutrients uptake capability (mainly N and P) by a willow variety (<i>Salix schwerinii</i>). Results indicated that WW irrigation expressively increased the willow diameter growth and biomass yield around 256% and 6510%, respectively, compared to the control treatment site (without WW). The willow was also able to accumulate approximately 41–60% of the N and 32–50% of the P in two years (2018–2019). Overall, willow showed a total 20% mortality rate under WW irrigation throughout the growing periods (2017–2019) as compared to control (39%). The results demonstrate that willow has the potential to control eutrophication (reducing nutrients load) from the wastewater with the best survival rate and can provide high biomass production for bioenergy generations in cold climatic conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2298water pollutionwastewater reusenutrientnature-based solutionwillow
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Muhammad Mohsin
Erik Kaipiainen
Mir Md Abdus Salam
Nikolai Evstishenkov
Nicole Nawrot
Aki Villa
Ewa Wojciechowska
Suvi Kuittinen
Ari Pappinen
spellingShingle Muhammad Mohsin
Erik Kaipiainen
Mir Md Abdus Salam
Nikolai Evstishenkov
Nicole Nawrot
Aki Villa
Ewa Wojciechowska
Suvi Kuittinen
Ari Pappinen
Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial
Water
water pollution
wastewater reuse
nutrient
nature-based solution
willow
author_facet Muhammad Mohsin
Erik Kaipiainen
Mir Md Abdus Salam
Nikolai Evstishenkov
Nicole Nawrot
Aki Villa
Ewa Wojciechowska
Suvi Kuittinen
Ari Pappinen
author_sort Muhammad Mohsin
title Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial
title_short Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial
title_full Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial
title_fullStr Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial
title_full_unstemmed Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by <i>Salix schwerinii</i>: A Field Trial
title_sort biomass production and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from processed municipal wastewater by <i>salix schwerinii</i>: a field trial
publisher MDPI AG
series Water
issn 2073-4441
publishDate 2021-08-01
description In many Baltic regions, short-rotation willow (<i>Salix</i> spp.) is used as a vegetation filter for wastewater treatment and recycling of valuable nutrients to upsurge bioeconomy development. In this context, a four-year field trial (2016–2019) was carried out near a wastewater treatment plant in eastern Finland (Outokumpu) to investigate the effect of the processed wastewater (WW) on biomass production as well as the nutrients uptake capability (mainly N and P) by a willow variety (<i>Salix schwerinii</i>). Results indicated that WW irrigation expressively increased the willow diameter growth and biomass yield around 256% and 6510%, respectively, compared to the control treatment site (without WW). The willow was also able to accumulate approximately 41–60% of the N and 32–50% of the P in two years (2018–2019). Overall, willow showed a total 20% mortality rate under WW irrigation throughout the growing periods (2017–2019) as compared to control (39%). The results demonstrate that willow has the potential to control eutrophication (reducing nutrients load) from the wastewater with the best survival rate and can provide high biomass production for bioenergy generations in cold climatic conditions.
topic water pollution
wastewater reuse
nutrient
nature-based solution
willow
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2298
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