Identification and Quantitative Determination of Lactate Using Optical Spectroscopy—Towards a Noninvasive Tool for Early Recognition of Sepsis
Uninterrupted monitoring of serum lactate levels is a prerequisite in the critical care of patients prone to sepsis, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, or severe lung disease. Yet there exists no device to continuously measure blood lactate in clinical practice. Optical spectroscopy together with mu...
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doaj-defb69baa98c4eb6932c4f827d2c54942020-11-25T01:29:00ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-09-01205402540210.3390/s20185402Identification and Quantitative Determination of Lactate Using Optical Spectroscopy—Towards a Noninvasive Tool for Early Recognition of SepsisKarthik Budidha0Mohammad Mamouei1Nystha Baishya2Meha Qassem3Pankaj Vadgama4Panayiotis A. Kyriacou5Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UKResearch Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UKResearch Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UKResearch Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UKInterdisciplinary Research Centre (IRC) in Biomedical Materials, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UKResearch Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UKUninterrupted monitoring of serum lactate levels is a prerequisite in the critical care of patients prone to sepsis, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, or severe lung disease. Yet there exists no device to continuously measure blood lactate in clinical practice. Optical spectroscopy together with multivariate analysis is proposed as a viable noninvasive tool for estimation of lactate in blood. As an initial step towards this goal, we inspected the plausibility of predicting the concentration of sodium lactate (NaLac) from the UV/visible, near-infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared (MIR) spectra of 37 isotonic phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) samples containing NaLac ranging from 0 to 20 mmol/L. UV/visible (300–800 nm) and NIR (800–2600 nm) spectra of PBS samples were collected using the PerkinElmer Lambda 1050 dual-beam spectrophotometer, while MIR (4000–500 cm<sup>−1</sup>) spectra were collected using the Spectrum two FTIR spectrometer. Absorption bands in the spectra of all three regions were identified and functional groups were assigned. The concentration of lactate in samples was predicted using the Partial Least-Squares (PLS) regression analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation. The regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.926, 0.977, and 0.992 for UV/visible, NIR, and MIR spectra, respectively, between the predicted and reference samples. The RMSECV of UV/visible, NIR, and MIR spectra was 1.59, 0.89, and 0.49 mmol/L, respectively. The results indicate that optical spectroscopy together with multivariate models can achieve a superior technique in assessing lactate concentrations.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5402near infrared spectroscopyUV/visible spectramid-infrared spectrablood lactatesepsis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Karthik Budidha Mohammad Mamouei Nystha Baishya Meha Qassem Pankaj Vadgama Panayiotis A. Kyriacou |
spellingShingle |
Karthik Budidha Mohammad Mamouei Nystha Baishya Meha Qassem Pankaj Vadgama Panayiotis A. Kyriacou Identification and Quantitative Determination of Lactate Using Optical Spectroscopy—Towards a Noninvasive Tool for Early Recognition of Sepsis Sensors near infrared spectroscopy UV/visible spectra mid-infrared spectra blood lactate sepsis |
author_facet |
Karthik Budidha Mohammad Mamouei Nystha Baishya Meha Qassem Pankaj Vadgama Panayiotis A. Kyriacou |
author_sort |
Karthik Budidha |
title |
Identification and Quantitative Determination of Lactate Using Optical Spectroscopy—Towards a Noninvasive Tool for Early Recognition of Sepsis |
title_short |
Identification and Quantitative Determination of Lactate Using Optical Spectroscopy—Towards a Noninvasive Tool for Early Recognition of Sepsis |
title_full |
Identification and Quantitative Determination of Lactate Using Optical Spectroscopy—Towards a Noninvasive Tool for Early Recognition of Sepsis |
title_fullStr |
Identification and Quantitative Determination of Lactate Using Optical Spectroscopy—Towards a Noninvasive Tool for Early Recognition of Sepsis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identification and Quantitative Determination of Lactate Using Optical Spectroscopy—Towards a Noninvasive Tool for Early Recognition of Sepsis |
title_sort |
identification and quantitative determination of lactate using optical spectroscopy—towards a noninvasive tool for early recognition of sepsis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Uninterrupted monitoring of serum lactate levels is a prerequisite in the critical care of patients prone to sepsis, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, or severe lung disease. Yet there exists no device to continuously measure blood lactate in clinical practice. Optical spectroscopy together with multivariate analysis is proposed as a viable noninvasive tool for estimation of lactate in blood. As an initial step towards this goal, we inspected the plausibility of predicting the concentration of sodium lactate (NaLac) from the UV/visible, near-infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared (MIR) spectra of 37 isotonic phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) samples containing NaLac ranging from 0 to 20 mmol/L. UV/visible (300–800 nm) and NIR (800–2600 nm) spectra of PBS samples were collected using the PerkinElmer Lambda 1050 dual-beam spectrophotometer, while MIR (4000–500 cm<sup>−1</sup>) spectra were collected using the Spectrum two FTIR spectrometer. Absorption bands in the spectra of all three regions were identified and functional groups were assigned. The concentration of lactate in samples was predicted using the Partial Least-Squares (PLS) regression analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation. The regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.926, 0.977, and 0.992 for UV/visible, NIR, and MIR spectra, respectively, between the predicted and reference samples. The RMSECV of UV/visible, NIR, and MIR spectra was 1.59, 0.89, and 0.49 mmol/L, respectively. The results indicate that optical spectroscopy together with multivariate models can achieve a superior technique in assessing lactate concentrations. |
topic |
near infrared spectroscopy UV/visible spectra mid-infrared spectra blood lactate sepsis |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5402 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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