| Summary: | Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol (1847-1920) was a historian, a economist, a sociologist and a philosopher with a vast scientific and publishing activity in the field of economics. Interested in the analysis of the Romanian economic situation in his times, he came up with a series of economic policy recommendations meant to accelerate progress. Be believed that the main cause of the lesser development of the country was the mainly agricultural character of its economy, and that the solution was to firstly develop the manufacturing industry that processed agricultural raw materials through an internal protectionism (incentives from the government). The purpose of this paper is to identify the specific features of Xenopol’s thought in the context of the debates of his time, as well as his major economic ideas that place him amongst the most renowned Romanian economists.
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