Origin, genetic diversity and evolution of Andaman local duck, a native duck germplasm of an insular region of India.

Domestic ducks are of paramount importance as a cheap source of protein in rural India. Andaman local duck (ALD) is an indigenous avian genetic resource of Andaman and Nicobar islands (ANI) and is mainly distributed in Middle and Northern parts of these islands. Negligence has brought this breed on...

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Main Authors: Arun Kumar De, Sneha Sawhney, Debasis Bhattacharya, T Sujatha, Jai Sunder, Perumal Ponraj, S K Ravi, Samiran Mondal, Dhruba Malakar, A Kundu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245138
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spelling doaj-de829e977b444318a04cd87b9c0fe9082021-07-31T04:32:38ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032021-01-01162e024513810.1371/journal.pone.0245138Origin, genetic diversity and evolution of Andaman local duck, a native duck germplasm of an insular region of India.Arun Kumar DeSneha SawhneyDebasis BhattacharyaT SujathaJai SunderPerumal PonrajS K RaviSamiran MondalDhruba MalakarA KunduDomestic ducks are of paramount importance as a cheap source of protein in rural India. Andaman local duck (ALD) is an indigenous avian genetic resource of Andaman and Nicobar islands (ANI) and is mainly distributed in Middle and Northern parts of these islands. Negligence has brought this breed on the edge of extinction necessitating immediate conservation efforts. Here, we report the genetic diversity, population structure and matrilineal genetic root of ALD. Partial mtDNA D-loop sequences were analyzed in 71 ALD samples and analysis revealed 19 polymorphic sites and 13 haplotypes. Estimated haplotype (Hd ± SD) and nucleotide diversity (π ± SD) were 0.881 ± 0.017 and 0.00897 ± 0.00078 respectively. The high genetic diversity of ALD indicates introgression of genetic material from other local duck breeds. In addition, it can be postulated that ALD bearing high genetic diversity has strong ability to adapt to environmental changes and can withstand impending climate change. Phylogenetic and network analysis indicate that ALD falls under Eurasian clade of mallard and ALD forms three clusters; one cluster is phylogenetically close to Southeast Asian countries, one close to Southern part of mainland India and the third one forms an independent cluster. Therefore, ALD might have migrated either from Southeast Asian countries which enjoy a close cultural bondage with ANI from time immemorial or from Southern part of India. The independent cluster may have evolved locally in these islands and natural selection pressure imposed by environmental conditions might be the driving force for evaluation of these duck haplotypes; which mimics Darwin's theory of natural selection. The results of the study will be beneficial for formulating future breeding programme and conservation strategy towards sustainable development of the duck breed.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245138
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Arun Kumar De
Sneha Sawhney
Debasis Bhattacharya
T Sujatha
Jai Sunder
Perumal Ponraj
S K Ravi
Samiran Mondal
Dhruba Malakar
A Kundu
spellingShingle Arun Kumar De
Sneha Sawhney
Debasis Bhattacharya
T Sujatha
Jai Sunder
Perumal Ponraj
S K Ravi
Samiran Mondal
Dhruba Malakar
A Kundu
Origin, genetic diversity and evolution of Andaman local duck, a native duck germplasm of an insular region of India.
PLoS ONE
author_facet Arun Kumar De
Sneha Sawhney
Debasis Bhattacharya
T Sujatha
Jai Sunder
Perumal Ponraj
S K Ravi
Samiran Mondal
Dhruba Malakar
A Kundu
author_sort Arun Kumar De
title Origin, genetic diversity and evolution of Andaman local duck, a native duck germplasm of an insular region of India.
title_short Origin, genetic diversity and evolution of Andaman local duck, a native duck germplasm of an insular region of India.
title_full Origin, genetic diversity and evolution of Andaman local duck, a native duck germplasm of an insular region of India.
title_fullStr Origin, genetic diversity and evolution of Andaman local duck, a native duck germplasm of an insular region of India.
title_full_unstemmed Origin, genetic diversity and evolution of Andaman local duck, a native duck germplasm of an insular region of India.
title_sort origin, genetic diversity and evolution of andaman local duck, a native duck germplasm of an insular region of india.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
series PLoS ONE
issn 1932-6203
publishDate 2021-01-01
description Domestic ducks are of paramount importance as a cheap source of protein in rural India. Andaman local duck (ALD) is an indigenous avian genetic resource of Andaman and Nicobar islands (ANI) and is mainly distributed in Middle and Northern parts of these islands. Negligence has brought this breed on the edge of extinction necessitating immediate conservation efforts. Here, we report the genetic diversity, population structure and matrilineal genetic root of ALD. Partial mtDNA D-loop sequences were analyzed in 71 ALD samples and analysis revealed 19 polymorphic sites and 13 haplotypes. Estimated haplotype (Hd ± SD) and nucleotide diversity (π ± SD) were 0.881 ± 0.017 and 0.00897 ± 0.00078 respectively. The high genetic diversity of ALD indicates introgression of genetic material from other local duck breeds. In addition, it can be postulated that ALD bearing high genetic diversity has strong ability to adapt to environmental changes and can withstand impending climate change. Phylogenetic and network analysis indicate that ALD falls under Eurasian clade of mallard and ALD forms three clusters; one cluster is phylogenetically close to Southeast Asian countries, one close to Southern part of mainland India and the third one forms an independent cluster. Therefore, ALD might have migrated either from Southeast Asian countries which enjoy a close cultural bondage with ANI from time immemorial or from Southern part of India. The independent cluster may have evolved locally in these islands and natural selection pressure imposed by environmental conditions might be the driving force for evaluation of these duck haplotypes; which mimics Darwin's theory of natural selection. The results of the study will be beneficial for formulating future breeding programme and conservation strategy towards sustainable development of the duck breed.
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245138
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