Premature ventricular contractions of the right ventricular outflow tract: Upward displacement of the ECG unmasks ST elevation in V1 associated with the presence of low voltage areas
Introduction and Aims: Frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) originating from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) are usually considered a benign entity and the ECG is typically normal. The aim of this study was to assess whether upward displacement of the ECG to the second inter...
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Elsevier
2019-02-01
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Series: | Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117308272 |
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doaj-de779e87bc9741eaaf85353df5374473 |
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record_format |
Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Leonor Parreira Rita Marinheiro Pedro Carmo Pedro Amador Tiago Teixeira Diogo Cavaco Francisco Costa Katya Reis-Santos Pedro Adragão |
spellingShingle |
Leonor Parreira Rita Marinheiro Pedro Carmo Pedro Amador Tiago Teixeira Diogo Cavaco Francisco Costa Katya Reis-Santos Pedro Adragão Premature ventricular contractions of the right ventricular outflow tract: Upward displacement of the ECG unmasks ST elevation in V1 associated with the presence of low voltage areas Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia |
author_facet |
Leonor Parreira Rita Marinheiro Pedro Carmo Pedro Amador Tiago Teixeira Diogo Cavaco Francisco Costa Katya Reis-Santos Pedro Adragão |
author_sort |
Leonor Parreira |
title |
Premature ventricular contractions of the right ventricular outflow tract: Upward displacement of the ECG unmasks ST elevation in V1 associated with the presence of low voltage areas |
title_short |
Premature ventricular contractions of the right ventricular outflow tract: Upward displacement of the ECG unmasks ST elevation in V1 associated with the presence of low voltage areas |
title_full |
Premature ventricular contractions of the right ventricular outflow tract: Upward displacement of the ECG unmasks ST elevation in V1 associated with the presence of low voltage areas |
title_fullStr |
Premature ventricular contractions of the right ventricular outflow tract: Upward displacement of the ECG unmasks ST elevation in V1 associated with the presence of low voltage areas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Premature ventricular contractions of the right ventricular outflow tract: Upward displacement of the ECG unmasks ST elevation in V1 associated with the presence of low voltage areas |
title_sort |
premature ventricular contractions of the right ventricular outflow tract: upward displacement of the ecg unmasks st elevation in v1 associated with the presence of low voltage areas |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia |
issn |
0870-2551 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Introduction and Aims: Frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) originating from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) are usually considered a benign entity and the ECG is typically normal. The aim of this study was to assess whether upward displacement of the ECG to the second intercostal space (ICS) would reveal any abnormal pattern. Methods: A total of 18 consecutive patients with apparently normal hearts were studied, mean age 44±16 years, 12 women, who underwent catheter ablation of the RVOT due to frequent PVCs. A 12-lead ECG was performed in the standard position and repeated in a higher position, at the level of the second ICS. Three-dimensional bipolar electroanatomical voltage mapping (EVM) was performed in all patients and low voltage areas (LVAs) were defined as areas with amplitude <1.5 mV. Results: The ECG in the second ICS was normal in eleven patients but in seven (39%) it revealed a pattern of ST-segment elevation in V1. EVM revealed the presence of LVAs in six patients (33%) which included the earliest activation site (EAS) in five. The ST elevation was associated with the presence of LVAs (p<0.0001) and with the LVAs at the EAS (p=0.002). Conclusion: In this group of patients with apparently normal hearts and with frequent PVCs of the RVOT, upward displacement of the ECG revealed the presence of ST elevation in more than one third of patients, and the ST elevation was associated with the presence of LVAs in the RVOT. Resumo: Introdução e objetivo: A extrasistolia ventricular (ESV) frequente da camara de saída do VD (CSVD) é em geral uma patologia benigna e o ECG é tipicamente normal. O objectivo deste estudo é avaliar se o ECG efetuado no 2.° espaço intercostal (2.° EIC) permite detetar algum padrão anormal dada a maior proximidade com a CSVD. Métodos: Estudámos 18 doentes consecutivos submetidos a ablação de ESV da CSVD, idade média 44±16 anos, 12 mulheres, com coração aparentemente normal. O ECG foi obtido na posição standard e repetido com as derivações V1 e V2 a nível do 2 EIC. Foi efetuado mapa eletroanatómico de voltagem bipolar (MEV). Foram estabelecidos como área de baixa voltagem (ABV) os eletrogramas com amplitude <1.5 mV. Resultados: O ECG no 2.° EIC não mostrou alterações em 11 doentes, mas em sete (39%) observou-se um padrão de supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (supra ST) em V1. O MEV revelou a presença de ABV em seis doentes (33%), a qual incluía a zona de aplicação em cinco doentes. O supra ST em V1 associou-se com a presença de ABV (p<0,0001) e com ABV no local de ablação (p=0,002). Conclusões: Neste grupo de doentes com ESV da CSVD e coração aparentemente normal, a realização do ECG no 2.° EIC permitiu identificar a presença de supra ST em V1 em mais de um terço dos doentes que se associou com a presença de áreas de baixa voltagem na CSVD. Keywords: 12-lead ECG, Premature ventricular contractions, Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias, Voltage mapping, ST elevation, Catheter ablation, Palavras-chave: Eletrocardiograma de 12 derivações, Extrasistoles ventriculares, Arritmias ventriculares idiopáticas, Mapa de voltagem, Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, Ablação por cateter |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117308272 |
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doaj-de779e87bc9741eaaf85353df53744732020-11-25T01:06:44ZengElsevierRevista Portuguesa de Cardiologia0870-25512019-02-013828391Premature ventricular contractions of the right ventricular outflow tract: Upward displacement of the ECG unmasks ST elevation in V1 associated with the presence of low voltage areasLeonor Parreira0Rita Marinheiro1Pedro Carmo2Pedro Amador3Tiago Teixeira4Diogo Cavaco5Francisco Costa6Katya Reis-Santos7Pedro Adragão8Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Cardiology Department, Setúbal, Portugal; Hospital da Luz, Arrhythmology Department, Lisboa, Portugal; Corresponding author.Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Cardiology Department, Setúbal, PortugalHospital da Luz, Arrhythmology Department, Lisboa, PortugalHospital da Luz, Arrhythmology Department, Lisboa, PortugalHospital da Luz, Arrhythmology Department, Lisboa, PortugalHospital da Luz, Arrhythmology Department, Lisboa, PortugalHospital da Luz, Arrhythmology Department, Lisboa, PortugalHospital da Luz, Arrhythmology Department, Lisboa, PortugalHospital da Luz, Arrhythmology Department, Lisboa, PortugalIntroduction and Aims: Frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) originating from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) are usually considered a benign entity and the ECG is typically normal. The aim of this study was to assess whether upward displacement of the ECG to the second intercostal space (ICS) would reveal any abnormal pattern. Methods: A total of 18 consecutive patients with apparently normal hearts were studied, mean age 44±16 years, 12 women, who underwent catheter ablation of the RVOT due to frequent PVCs. A 12-lead ECG was performed in the standard position and repeated in a higher position, at the level of the second ICS. Three-dimensional bipolar electroanatomical voltage mapping (EVM) was performed in all patients and low voltage areas (LVAs) were defined as areas with amplitude <1.5 mV. Results: The ECG in the second ICS was normal in eleven patients but in seven (39%) it revealed a pattern of ST-segment elevation in V1. EVM revealed the presence of LVAs in six patients (33%) which included the earliest activation site (EAS) in five. The ST elevation was associated with the presence of LVAs (p<0.0001) and with the LVAs at the EAS (p=0.002). Conclusion: In this group of patients with apparently normal hearts and with frequent PVCs of the RVOT, upward displacement of the ECG revealed the presence of ST elevation in more than one third of patients, and the ST elevation was associated with the presence of LVAs in the RVOT. Resumo: Introdução e objetivo: A extrasistolia ventricular (ESV) frequente da camara de saída do VD (CSVD) é em geral uma patologia benigna e o ECG é tipicamente normal. O objectivo deste estudo é avaliar se o ECG efetuado no 2.° espaço intercostal (2.° EIC) permite detetar algum padrão anormal dada a maior proximidade com a CSVD. Métodos: Estudámos 18 doentes consecutivos submetidos a ablação de ESV da CSVD, idade média 44±16 anos, 12 mulheres, com coração aparentemente normal. O ECG foi obtido na posição standard e repetido com as derivações V1 e V2 a nível do 2 EIC. Foi efetuado mapa eletroanatómico de voltagem bipolar (MEV). Foram estabelecidos como área de baixa voltagem (ABV) os eletrogramas com amplitude <1.5 mV. Resultados: O ECG no 2.° EIC não mostrou alterações em 11 doentes, mas em sete (39%) observou-se um padrão de supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (supra ST) em V1. O MEV revelou a presença de ABV em seis doentes (33%), a qual incluía a zona de aplicação em cinco doentes. O supra ST em V1 associou-se com a presença de ABV (p<0,0001) e com ABV no local de ablação (p=0,002). Conclusões: Neste grupo de doentes com ESV da CSVD e coração aparentemente normal, a realização do ECG no 2.° EIC permitiu identificar a presença de supra ST em V1 em mais de um terço dos doentes que se associou com a presença de áreas de baixa voltagem na CSVD. Keywords: 12-lead ECG, Premature ventricular contractions, Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias, Voltage mapping, ST elevation, Catheter ablation, Palavras-chave: Eletrocardiograma de 12 derivações, Extrasistoles ventriculares, Arritmias ventriculares idiopáticas, Mapa de voltagem, Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, Ablação por cateterhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255117308272 |