Long-Term Variations of Plasmaspheric Total Electron Content from Topside GPS Observations on LEO Satellites

• Main Authors: Shuanggen Jin, Chao Gao, Liangliang Yuan, Peng Guo, Andres Calabia, Haibing Ruan, Peng Luo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
• Series: Remote Sensing
• Subjects: plasmasphere; PTEC; GPS; GCPM; F10.7 index
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/545

The plasmasphere is located above the ionosphere with low-energy plasma, which is an important component of the solar-terrestrial space environment. As the link between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere, the plasmasphere plays an important role in the coupling process. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the electron content variation of the plasmasphere for the solar-terrestrial space environment. Nowadays, the topside global positioning system (GPS) observations on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites provide a unique opportunity to estimate and study variations in the plasmasphere. In this paper, the plasmaspheric total electron content (PTEC) is estimated, and its long-term variations are studied from topside GPS observations onboard the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC). The PTEC in the daytime is higher than that in the nighttime, with the peak between 14:00 and 17:00 in the magnetic local time, while the minimum value of PTEC in the belt appears between 3:00 and 6:00 in the magnetic local time before sunrise. For seasonal variations, the PTEC is the highest in spring of the northern hemisphere and the lowest in summer of the northern hemisphere regardless of the state of the solar activity. The long-term variation in PTEC is further analyzed using 11-year COSMIC GPS observation data from 2007 to 2017. A high correlation between PTEC and the F10.7 indices is found. Particularly in the geomagnetic high-latitude region during the daytime, the correlation coefficient reaches 0.93. The worst case occurs during the nighttime in the geomagnetic middle-latitude region, but the correlation coefficient is still higher than 0.88. The long-term variations of plasmaspheric TEC are mainly related to the solar activity.