| Summary: | For 25 years, the open access movement is growing at the crossroads of demands for a more open circulation to the results of research and unprecedented opportunities brought by the Internet and the Web. Reformulations of the movement were many, by different actors not defending the same issues for this transformation. In support of participant observation, the article retraces the evolution of different operating models of open access in both a diachronic dimension and a compared dimension for national policies in different countries. À particular step seems to begin, marked by comprehensive negotiations between publishers, governments and research funders. The French context is analyzed, in particular the recent integration of regulatory elements in the « Lemaire law » of 2016 and intensive tensions with the national edition, mainly in humanities and social sciences.
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