Design of Signal Generators Using Active Elements Developed in I3T25 CMOS Technology Single IC Package for Illuminance to Frequency Conversion
This paper presents a compact and simple design of adjustable triangular and square wave functional generators employing fundamental cells fabricated on a single integrated circuit (IC) package. Two solutions have electronically tunable repeating frequency. The linear adjustability of repeating freq...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1198 |
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doaj-de1755604b7148038e72c01169a617062020-11-25T00:31:11ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-02-01204119810.3390/s20041198s20041198Design of Signal Generators Using Active Elements Developed in I3T25 CMOS Technology Single IC Package for Illuminance to Frequency ConversionRoman Sotner0Jan Jerabek1Ladislav Polak2Vilem Kledrowetz3Roman Prokop4Department of Radio Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Radio Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, 61600 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, 61600 Brno, Czech RepublicThis paper presents a compact and simple design of adjustable triangular and square wave functional generators employing fundamental cells fabricated on a single integrated circuit (IC) package. Two solutions have electronically tunable repeating frequency. The linear adjustability of repeating frequency was verified in the range between 17 and 264 kHz. The main benefits of the proposed generator are the follows: A simple adjustment of the repeating frequency by DC bias current, Schmitt trigger (threshold voltages) setting by DC driving voltage, and output levels in hundreds of mV when the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process with limited supply voltage levels is used. These generators are suitable to provide a simple conversion of illuminance to frequency of oscillation that can be employed for illuminance measurement and sensing in the agriculture applications. Experimental measurements proved that the proposed concept is usable for sensing of illuminance in the range from 1 up to 500 lx. The change of illuminance within this range causes driving of bias current between 21 and 52 μA that adjusts repeating frequency between 70 and 154 kHz with an error up to 10% between the expected and real cases.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1198cmos active elementcomparatorelectronic adjustingfrequency tunabilityfunctional generatorilluminance sensingintegratorsquare and triangular waves |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Roman Sotner Jan Jerabek Ladislav Polak Vilem Kledrowetz Roman Prokop |
| spellingShingle |
Roman Sotner Jan Jerabek Ladislav Polak Vilem Kledrowetz Roman Prokop Design of Signal Generators Using Active Elements Developed in I3T25 CMOS Technology Single IC Package for Illuminance to Frequency Conversion Sensors cmos active element comparator electronic adjusting frequency tunability functional generator illuminance sensing integrator square and triangular waves |
| author_facet |
Roman Sotner Jan Jerabek Ladislav Polak Vilem Kledrowetz Roman Prokop |
| author_sort |
Roman Sotner |
| title |
Design of Signal Generators Using Active Elements Developed in I3T25 CMOS Technology Single IC Package for Illuminance to Frequency Conversion |
| title_short |
Design of Signal Generators Using Active Elements Developed in I3T25 CMOS Technology Single IC Package for Illuminance to Frequency Conversion |
| title_full |
Design of Signal Generators Using Active Elements Developed in I3T25 CMOS Technology Single IC Package for Illuminance to Frequency Conversion |
| title_fullStr |
Design of Signal Generators Using Active Elements Developed in I3T25 CMOS Technology Single IC Package for Illuminance to Frequency Conversion |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Design of Signal Generators Using Active Elements Developed in I3T25 CMOS Technology Single IC Package for Illuminance to Frequency Conversion |
| title_sort |
design of signal generators using active elements developed in i3t25 cmos technology single ic package for illuminance to frequency conversion |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Sensors |
| issn |
1424-8220 |
| publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
| description |
This paper presents a compact and simple design of adjustable triangular and square wave functional generators employing fundamental cells fabricated on a single integrated circuit (IC) package. Two solutions have electronically tunable repeating frequency. The linear adjustability of repeating frequency was verified in the range between 17 and 264 kHz. The main benefits of the proposed generator are the follows: A simple adjustment of the repeating frequency by DC bias current, Schmitt trigger (threshold voltages) setting by DC driving voltage, and output levels in hundreds of mV when the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process with limited supply voltage levels is used. These generators are suitable to provide a simple conversion of illuminance to frequency of oscillation that can be employed for illuminance measurement and sensing in the agriculture applications. Experimental measurements proved that the proposed concept is usable for sensing of illuminance in the range from 1 up to 500 lx. The change of illuminance within this range causes driving of bias current between 21 and 52 μA that adjusts repeating frequency between 70 and 154 kHz with an error up to 10% between the expected and real cases. |
| topic |
cmos active element comparator electronic adjusting frequency tunability functional generator illuminance sensing integrator square and triangular waves |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1198 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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