ENSURING SANITARY RELIABILITY OF TERRITORIES WHEN USING REMOVABLE SEWERAGE SYSTEM

• Main Authors: Nikitina Irina Nikolaevna, Smirnovskaya Alina Maksimovna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) 2015-12-01
• Series: Stroitel’stvo: Nauka i Obrazovanie
• Subjects: removable sanitation; dry closet; septic tank; subsurface filtration fields; ground water; water well; pollution; cesspool
• Online Access: http://nso-journal.ru/public/journals/1/issues/2015/04/4_Nikitina.pdf

It was found out that in most cases the system of removable water disposal is arranged with violations, i.e. cesspools that collect runoffs are either not designed at all — waste water merge into an open trench (ditch), and then water is filtered into the ground, or are designed against the rules (instead of a cesspool the user presupposes a simple hole dug in the ground). The authors witnessed the cases of ingress of wastewater into open waters, near which holiday villages are situated. This fact raises the question on the necessity of solving these problems which will prevent pollution of soil and surface waters, as well as the surrounding areas by sewages to prevent the development of infections and to prevent environmental disaster on a local scale. If you have a small rate of water flow in a summer cottage, it is feasible to design a sump for removal of faecal discharge (human physiological discharge), which are the most dangerous. It is advisable to install in the ground sealed (cumulative) capacity, and build headroom on the top in the form of a toilet cabin (detached structure). This will allow completely getting rid of contamination with sewage effluents. The volume of the tank must be calculated individually depending on the water consumption on the site. Periodically it is needed to call out a cesspoolage truck after filling the reservoir, which would be then emptied of faecal material. In the last 20 years in our country a promising trend in removable sanitation began to develop — bio toilets. They became popular in country houses, as well as for persons with disabilities A composting toilet is a portable container, which is very compact and can be installed in any location of a country house. A more costly option, but an environmentally sound and convenient one to use is the construction of local water disposal systems with the use of not only mechanical, but also biological treatment. The choice of a particular scheme of organization of the system of removable sanitation on a country site depends primarily on the financial situation of the user, as well as on volumes of effluent removed from a building.