Perancangan Alat Pemanas Elektrik da Penoreh Malam Terpadu yang Bersifat Inklusif

• Main Authors: Paulus Bawole, Eko A. Prawoto, Puspitasari Darsono, Winta Guspara
• Format: Article
• Language: Indonesian
• Published: Center For Handicraft And Batik, Ministry of Industry Republic of Indonesia 2016-04-01
• Series: Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik: Majalah Ilmiah
• Online Access: http://ejournal.kemenperin.go.id/dkb/article/view/1078
• ISSN: 2087-4294; 2528-6196

<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><br /><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">Penguasaan ketrampilan membatik harus lebih menyebar ke berbagai pelosok di Indonesia. Kecacatan <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">tubuh (<span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>impairment</em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">), baik brakidaktili maupun paraplegia bukanlah halangan untuk menguasai <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">ketrampilan membatik. Terdapat tiga faktor penyebab tingginya biaya produksi batik tulis, yaitu <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">waktu, energi dan ketrampilan tinggi. Penelitian ergonomi dengan studi kasus para pembatik difabel <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">ini bertujuan memperoleh pemahaman tentang kemampuan pengguna dan keluhan muskuloskeletal <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">para pembatik difabel yang diakibatkan oleh alat tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh akan menjadi <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">spesifikasi performa produk untuk perancangan alat membatik elektrik yang bersifat inklusif, dapat <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">digunakan oleh berbagai pengguna, mulai dari kalangan pembatik pemula hingga yang <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">berpengalaman, bertangan normal maupun tidak sempurna. Pengukuran dengan metode RULA, <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">pengamatan dan wawancara dalam ujicoba penggunaan aneka jenis gagang canting desain baru <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa genggaman presisi eksternal menghasilkan kebutuhan ukuran gagang <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">yang sama baik bagi pembatik dengan tangan normal maupun brakidaktili. Sedangkan pada analisa <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">metode NBM dan HTA didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa jika unit pemanas <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>malam </em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">bisa disatukan <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">dengan canting maka didapatkan pengurangan satu langkah dalam kegiatan membatik sekaligus <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">mengurangi keletihan dalam membatik. Penelitian ini menghasilkan konsep perancangan unit <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">pemanas <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>malam </em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">elektrik arus DC yang menyatu dengan penoreh <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>malam</em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">. Alat membatik yang bersifat <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">inklusif ini akan membuat pekerjaan membatik bisa dilakukan oleh berbagai kalangan masyarakat <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">terutama di desa dengan pasokan listrik yang terbatas. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Kata kunci</strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">: pembatik difabel, inklusif, pemanas arus DC<br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><br /><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The skill of batik craftmanship should spread wider to the nook and corner of Indonesia archipelago.</em> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Italic; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Impairment such as brachydactile as well as paraphlegia shouldn’t be a hindrance to master the batik</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>technique. There are three factors found as a source of high production cost in  hand-made batik; time,</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>energy, and high skill. The goal of this ergonomic research using case studies of difable batik artisans</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>is to get an understanding of user capabilities and musculoskeletal problems of users while operating</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>standard batik equipment. The result then will be used as a specification of product performance for</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>designing inclusive electric batik equipment, that can be operated by most users, from beginners to</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>advance artisans, with normal fingers as well as challenged. Measurement using RULA method,</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>observation and interviews on the trials of several new handles showed that there is an agreement on</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>handle size when both extreme impaired users performed external precision grip. NBM and HTA</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>analyzes concluded that if wax heating unit could be integrated with canting, it will eliminate one</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>production step as well as reduce fatique. This research had produced a design of electric batik</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>equipment with DC current. This inclusive equipment will enable batik production to be made in</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>villages with limited supply from national electrical company.</em> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Italic; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>: diffable batik artisan, inclusive, DC heating unit</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>