Livedo reticularis by hypothermia during anesthesia for dental treatment in Down's syndrome patient

Background: Livedo reticularis is a benign dermatological condition characterized by ischemic areas permeated by erythematous-cyanotic areas in a lacy pattern, and may be transient or permanent and is frequently associated with body exposure to cold. Cutaneous arterial vasospasm promotes ischemia, a...

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Main Authors: Heber de Moraes Penna, Norma Sueli Pinheiro Modolo, Dário Humberto de Paiva
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2019-01-01
Series:Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001418300794
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language English
format Article
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author Heber de Moraes Penna
Norma Sueli Pinheiro Modolo
Dário Humberto de Paiva
spellingShingle Heber de Moraes Penna
Norma Sueli Pinheiro Modolo
Dário Humberto de Paiva
Livedo reticularis by hypothermia during anesthesia for dental treatment in Down's syndrome patient
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
author_facet Heber de Moraes Penna
Norma Sueli Pinheiro Modolo
Dário Humberto de Paiva
author_sort Heber de Moraes Penna
title Livedo reticularis by hypothermia during anesthesia for dental treatment in Down's syndrome patient
title_short Livedo reticularis by hypothermia during anesthesia for dental treatment in Down's syndrome patient
title_full Livedo reticularis by hypothermia during anesthesia for dental treatment in Down's syndrome patient
title_fullStr Livedo reticularis by hypothermia during anesthesia for dental treatment in Down's syndrome patient
title_full_unstemmed Livedo reticularis by hypothermia during anesthesia for dental treatment in Down's syndrome patient
title_sort livedo reticularis by hypothermia during anesthesia for dental treatment in down's syndrome patient
publisher Elsevier
series Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
issn 0104-0014
publishDate 2019-01-01
description Background: Livedo reticularis is a benign dermatological condition characterized by ischemic areas permeated by erythematous-cyanotic areas in a lacy pattern, and may be transient or permanent and is frequently associated with body exposure to cold. Cutaneous arterial vasospasm promotes ischemia, and venous dilation of the congested areas occurs by tissue hypoxia or autonomic dysfunction. Patients with Down's syndrome, due to their physiological peculiarities, constitute a representative part of those who require dental care under general anesthesia, and livedo reticularis has a reported incidence of 8–12% in Down's syndrome patients. Objectives: To describe the physiological livedo reticularis in a Down's syndrome patient, with the onset during the anesthetic-surgical procedure. Case report: 5-year-old female patient with Down's syndrome, admitted for dental treatment under balanced general anesthesia with sevoflurane, fentanyl, and atracurium. Transoperative hypothermia occurred with axillary temperature reaching 34.5 °C after 30 min after the beginning of anesthesia. At the end of the procedure, red-purplish skin lesions interspersed with areas of pallor were observed exclusively on the ventromedial aspect of the right forearm, with no systemic signs suggestive of allergic reactions. The established diagnosis was physiological livedo reticularis. There was a total fading of the lesions within 5 days. Conclusion: This report evidences the need for thermal control of patients undergoing anesthesia, as well as the manifestation of livedo reticularis as a consequence of transoperative hypothermia. Resumo: Justificativa: O livedo reticular representa quadro dermatológico benigno, caracterizado por áreas isquêmicas permeadas por áreas eritematocianóticas em padrão rendilhado, pode ser transitório ou permanente e frequentemente é associado à exposição corporal ao frio. O vasoespasmo arterial cutâneo promove a isquemia e a dilatação venosa das áreas congestas e ocorre por hipóxia tecidual ou por disfunção autonômica. Os portadores da síndrome de Down, devido às suas peculiaridades fisiológicas, constituem uma representativa parcela daqueles que necessitam de atendimento odontológico sob anestesia geral e o livedo reticular tem incidência relatada de 8% a 12% em pacientes com síndrome de Down. Objetivos: Descrever quadro de livedo reticular fisiológico em paciente portador de síndrome de Down, com aparecimento durante o ato anestésico-cirúrgico. Relato do caso: Paciente de cinco anos, sexo feminino, síndrome de Down, admitida para tratamento odontológico sob anestesia geral balanceada, com emprego de sevoflurano, fentanil e atracúrio. Houve ocorrência de hipotermia transoperatória, a temperatura axilar atingiu 34,5 °C após 30 minutos do início da anestesia. Ao término do procedimento, notaram-se lesões cutâneas vermelho-arroxeadas, intercaladas com áreas de palidez, exclusivamente na face ventromedial do antebraço direito, sem sinais sistêmicos sugestivos de reações alérgicas. O diagnóstico firmado foi de livedo reticular fisiológico. Houve esmaecimento total das lesões em cinco dias. Conclusão: O relato apresentado evidencia a necessidade de controle térmico de pacientes submetidos a anestesias, bem como registra manifestação de livedo reticular em consequência de hipotermia transoperatória. Keywords: Down's syndrome, Trisomy 21, Anesthesia, Livedo reticularis, Hypothermia, Dental treatment, Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Down, Trissomia do 21, Anestesia, Livedo reticular, Hipotermia, Tratamento odontológico
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001418300794
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spelling doaj-dce6ff2284f24415857326cbdf67260a2020-11-24T22:57:07ZengElsevierBrazilian Journal of Anesthesiology0104-00142019-01-016917881Livedo reticularis by hypothermia during anesthesia for dental treatment in Down's syndrome patientHeber de Moraes Penna0Norma Sueli Pinheiro Modolo1Dário Humberto de Paiva2Clínica de Anestesia de Goiânia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Corresponding author.Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, BrazilClínica de Anestesia de Goiânia, Goiânia, GO, BrazilBackground: Livedo reticularis is a benign dermatological condition characterized by ischemic areas permeated by erythematous-cyanotic areas in a lacy pattern, and may be transient or permanent and is frequently associated with body exposure to cold. Cutaneous arterial vasospasm promotes ischemia, and venous dilation of the congested areas occurs by tissue hypoxia or autonomic dysfunction. Patients with Down's syndrome, due to their physiological peculiarities, constitute a representative part of those who require dental care under general anesthesia, and livedo reticularis has a reported incidence of 8–12% in Down's syndrome patients. Objectives: To describe the physiological livedo reticularis in a Down's syndrome patient, with the onset during the anesthetic-surgical procedure. Case report: 5-year-old female patient with Down's syndrome, admitted for dental treatment under balanced general anesthesia with sevoflurane, fentanyl, and atracurium. Transoperative hypothermia occurred with axillary temperature reaching 34.5 °C after 30 min after the beginning of anesthesia. At the end of the procedure, red-purplish skin lesions interspersed with areas of pallor were observed exclusively on the ventromedial aspect of the right forearm, with no systemic signs suggestive of allergic reactions. The established diagnosis was physiological livedo reticularis. There was a total fading of the lesions within 5 days. Conclusion: This report evidences the need for thermal control of patients undergoing anesthesia, as well as the manifestation of livedo reticularis as a consequence of transoperative hypothermia. Resumo: Justificativa: O livedo reticular representa quadro dermatológico benigno, caracterizado por áreas isquêmicas permeadas por áreas eritematocianóticas em padrão rendilhado, pode ser transitório ou permanente e frequentemente é associado à exposição corporal ao frio. O vasoespasmo arterial cutâneo promove a isquemia e a dilatação venosa das áreas congestas e ocorre por hipóxia tecidual ou por disfunção autonômica. Os portadores da síndrome de Down, devido às suas peculiaridades fisiológicas, constituem uma representativa parcela daqueles que necessitam de atendimento odontológico sob anestesia geral e o livedo reticular tem incidência relatada de 8% a 12% em pacientes com síndrome de Down. Objetivos: Descrever quadro de livedo reticular fisiológico em paciente portador de síndrome de Down, com aparecimento durante o ato anestésico-cirúrgico. Relato do caso: Paciente de cinco anos, sexo feminino, síndrome de Down, admitida para tratamento odontológico sob anestesia geral balanceada, com emprego de sevoflurano, fentanil e atracúrio. Houve ocorrência de hipotermia transoperatória, a temperatura axilar atingiu 34,5 °C após 30 minutos do início da anestesia. Ao término do procedimento, notaram-se lesões cutâneas vermelho-arroxeadas, intercaladas com áreas de palidez, exclusivamente na face ventromedial do antebraço direito, sem sinais sistêmicos sugestivos de reações alérgicas. O diagnóstico firmado foi de livedo reticular fisiológico. Houve esmaecimento total das lesões em cinco dias. Conclusão: O relato apresentado evidencia a necessidade de controle térmico de pacientes submetidos a anestesias, bem como registra manifestação de livedo reticular em consequência de hipotermia transoperatória. Keywords: Down's syndrome, Trisomy 21, Anesthesia, Livedo reticularis, Hypothermia, Dental treatment, Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Down, Trissomia do 21, Anestesia, Livedo reticular, Hipotermia, Tratamento odontológicohttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001418300794