| Summary: | This paper presents a novel force sensorless reflecting controller for a haptic-enabled device driven by a bilateral pneumatic artificial muscle system, which proposed configuration for the first time the bilateral haptic teleoperation. For details, an adaptive force observer scheme considered to be an alternative to direct force measurement is proposed to estimate the interaction force with an unknown environment for the force reflecting control design. Meanwhile, the separately fast finite time nonsingular terminal sliding mode control schemes are developed based on the force estimation in both subsystems to achieve good tracking performance and fast response. Thus, the great transparency performance with both force feedback and position tracking can be achieved simultaneously by using our proposed method. The finite-time stability of the total controlled system is demonstrated by the Lyapunov approach. Moreover, the comparative experiments are carried out on the developed testbench to validate the effectiveness and advantages of our proposed control design in the different working conditions.
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