Storm-Induced Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon in Clear Creek, Iowa: An Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory Story
Rivers integrate and transport particulate organic carbon (POC) from multiple sources with varied diagenetic histories. A significant amount of POC is delivered to rivers during storm events, but the sources and fates of the mobilized material are often unclear. To gauge the variability of input sou...
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doaj-dc618d3f718e42249208613d3293e13e2021-04-02T13:15:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Water2624-93752020-10-01210.3389/frwa.2020.578261578261Storm-Induced Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon in Clear Creek, Iowa: An Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory StoryJieun Kim0Neal E. Blair1Neal E. Blair2Adam S. Ward3Katie Goff4Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United StatesDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United StatesDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United StatesO'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United StatesDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesRivers integrate and transport particulate organic carbon (POC) from multiple sources with varied diagenetic histories. A significant amount of POC is delivered to rivers during storm events, but the sources and fates of the mobilized material are often unclear. To gauge the variability of input sources, this study uses a biomarker approach that broadly characterizes organic matter at the molecular level. Suspended sediment was collected during a storm in October 2015 at three nested sampling locations along Clear Creek in Iowa, U.S.A. Supplemented with bulk elemental and C-isotopic measurements, biomarker analyses were obtained to identify changes in sources and the diagenetic state of the POC. Fatty acid-rich organic matter was attributed to the mobilization of algal mats in the stream channel at the early stage of the storm as precipitation initiated and water velocities began to increase. A significant contribution of lignin-rich material occurred at peak precipitation and elevated discharge signifying soil sources. Tracers for partially oxidized lignin and soil organic matter suggested that this was a partially time-resolved mixture of fresh and degraded material. Storm-induced variations of biomarkers were observed at the three sampling stations located throughout the watershed. The mixing patterns became more complex as the storm pulse moved downstream due to the additive contributions of multiple tributaries and the hypothesized increasing importance of alluvial bank erosion. This erosional increase is attributed to a systematic transition in basin geomorphology from a V-shape in the upper reach to a wider box-shaped valley in the lower reach. Even though biomarker concentration measurements revealed a diversity of sources over time, the complex mixture of POC associated with peak discharge dominated the flux of material downstream. This study highlights the complexity of storm-initiated C-transport and the need for high spaciotemporal resolution broad spectrum tracer studies in the future.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2020.578261/fullorganic carbonstreamserosionstormsbiomarkers |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jieun Kim Neal E. Blair Neal E. Blair Adam S. Ward Katie Goff |
spellingShingle |
Jieun Kim Neal E. Blair Neal E. Blair Adam S. Ward Katie Goff Storm-Induced Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon in Clear Creek, Iowa: An Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory Story Frontiers in Water organic carbon streams erosion storms biomarkers |
author_facet |
Jieun Kim Neal E. Blair Neal E. Blair Adam S. Ward Katie Goff |
author_sort |
Jieun Kim |
title |
Storm-Induced Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon in Clear Creek, Iowa: An Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory Story |
title_short |
Storm-Induced Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon in Clear Creek, Iowa: An Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory Story |
title_full |
Storm-Induced Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon in Clear Creek, Iowa: An Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory Story |
title_fullStr |
Storm-Induced Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon in Clear Creek, Iowa: An Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory Story |
title_full_unstemmed |
Storm-Induced Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon in Clear Creek, Iowa: An Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory Story |
title_sort |
storm-induced dynamics of particulate organic carbon in clear creek, iowa: an intensively managed landscape critical zone observatory story |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Water |
issn |
2624-9375 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Rivers integrate and transport particulate organic carbon (POC) from multiple sources with varied diagenetic histories. A significant amount of POC is delivered to rivers during storm events, but the sources and fates of the mobilized material are often unclear. To gauge the variability of input sources, this study uses a biomarker approach that broadly characterizes organic matter at the molecular level. Suspended sediment was collected during a storm in October 2015 at three nested sampling locations along Clear Creek in Iowa, U.S.A. Supplemented with bulk elemental and C-isotopic measurements, biomarker analyses were obtained to identify changes in sources and the diagenetic state of the POC. Fatty acid-rich organic matter was attributed to the mobilization of algal mats in the stream channel at the early stage of the storm as precipitation initiated and water velocities began to increase. A significant contribution of lignin-rich material occurred at peak precipitation and elevated discharge signifying soil sources. Tracers for partially oxidized lignin and soil organic matter suggested that this was a partially time-resolved mixture of fresh and degraded material. Storm-induced variations of biomarkers were observed at the three sampling stations located throughout the watershed. The mixing patterns became more complex as the storm pulse moved downstream due to the additive contributions of multiple tributaries and the hypothesized increasing importance of alluvial bank erosion. This erosional increase is attributed to a systematic transition in basin geomorphology from a V-shape in the upper reach to a wider box-shaped valley in the lower reach. Even though biomarker concentration measurements revealed a diversity of sources over time, the complex mixture of POC associated with peak discharge dominated the flux of material downstream. This study highlights the complexity of storm-initiated C-transport and the need for high spaciotemporal resolution broad spectrum tracer studies in the future. |
topic |
organic carbon streams erosion storms biomarkers |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2020.578261/full |
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