| Summary: | The response to treatment with biologic drugs, in patients with Crohn’s disease, could be associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. The aim of our study was to analyse the modification of microbiota during adalimumab therapy in patients with Crohn’s disease. We performed a prospective study in patients with Crohn’s disease analysing gut microbiota before start of adalimumab therapy (T0) and after six months of therapy (T1). Among the 20 included patients, the phylum <i> Proteobacteria</i> fell from 15.7 ± 3.5% at T0 to 10.3 ± 3.4% at T1 (<i>p</i> = 0.038). Furthermore, the trend in relation to therapeutic success was analysed. Regarding bacterial phyla, <i>Proteobacteria</i> decreased in patients in whom therapeutic success was obtained, passing from a value of 15.8% (± 4.6%) to 6.8 ± 3.1% (<i>p</i> = 0.049), while in non-responder patients, percentages did not change (T0 = 15.6 ± 5.7%, T1 = 16.8 ± 7.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.890). Regarding the <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> family, in patients with normalization of C reactive protein six 6 months of adalimumab therapy, it increased from 16.6 ± 3.1% at T0 to 23.9 ± 2.6% at T1 (<i>p</i> = 0.049). In conclusion, in patients who respond to Adalimumab therapy by decreasing inflammation, there is a trend of intestinal eubiosis being restored.
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