Folate Content and Yolk Color of Hen Eggs from Different Farming Systems

• Main Authors: Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska, Anna Draszanowska, Elżbieta Gujska, Joanna Klepacka, Marta Kasińska
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
• Series: Molecules
• Subjects: folates; vitamins; food folate analysis; organic food; functional foods; HPLC
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/1034

This study aimed to compare folate contents in hen eggs from four different farming systems, namely organic, free range, barn, and cage one. Folate retention during egg boiling was studied as well. The contents of individual folate vitamers were determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC), following trienzyme treatment. Folate content in eggs differed significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) due to the rearing system, with the highest mean content determined in the eggs from organic farming (113.8 µg/100 g). According to this study, one egg (60 g) may provide 40–86 µg of folates, which corresponds to 10–22% of the recommended daily intake for adults, 400 µg according to the Nutrition Standards for the Polish Population. The predominant folate form found in egg was 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, which showed considerably greater stability under boiling compared to 10-formylfolic acid present in a lower amount. In most eggs tested, the losses in total folate content did not exceed 15%. The color of yolk of the most folate-abundant organic eggs, had the highest value of lightness (L*) and the lowest value of redness (a*). This, however, does not correspond to consumer preferences of intense golden yolk color.