Current validity of diagnosis of permanent vegetative state: a longitudinal study in a sample of patients with altered states of consciousness

Introduction: Altered states of consciousness have traditionally been associated with poor prognosis. At present, clinical differences between these entities are beginning to be established. Method: Our study included 37 patients diagnosed with vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: E. Noé, J. Olaya, C. Colomer, B. Moliner, P. Ugart, C. Rodriguez, R. Llorens, J. Ferri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier España 2019-11-01
Series:Neurología (English Edition)
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580819300823
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Summary:Introduction: Altered states of consciousness have traditionally been associated with poor prognosis. At present, clinical differences between these entities are beginning to be established. Method: Our study included 37 patients diagnosed with vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and 43 in a minimally conscious state (MCS) according to the Coma Recovery Scale–Revised (CRS-R). All patients were followed up each month for at least 6 months using the CRS-R. We recorded the time points when vegetative state progressed from ‘persistent’ to ‘permanent’ based on the cut-off points established by the Multi-Society-Task-Force: 12 months in patients with traumatic injury and 3 months in those with non-traumatic injury. A logistic regression model was used to determine the factors potentially predicting which patients will emerge from MCS. Results: In the UWS group, 23 patients emerged from UWS but only 9 emerged from MCS. Of the 43 patients in the MCS group, 26 patients emerged from that state during follow-up. Eight of the 23 patients (34.7%) who emerged from UWS and 17 of the 35 (48.6%) who emerged from MCS recovered after the time points proposed by the Multi-Society-Task-Force. According to the multivariate regression analysis, aetiology (P < .01), chronicity (P = .01), and CRS-R scores at admission (P < .001) correctly predicted emergence from MCS in 77.5% of the cases. Conclusions: UWS and MCS are different clinical entities in terms of diagnosis and outcomes. Some of the factors traditionally associated with poor prognosis, such as time from injury and likelihood of recovery, should be revaluated. Resumen: Introducción: Los estados alterados de conciencia han sido considerados tradicionalmente como cuadros clínicos de pronóstico infausto. En la actualidad, sabemos que dichos estados engloban distintas entidades clínicas cuyo perfil diferencial empieza a reconocerse. Método: Se incluyeron 37 pacientes con el diagnóstico de estado vegetativo o síndrome de vigilia sin respuesta (SVSR) y 43 en estado de mínima conciencia (EMC) de acuerdo con la Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados mensualmente con la CRS-R durante al menos 6 meses. Se evaluó el momento de superar cada estado considerando los puntos de corte de «irreversibilidad» (12 meses para los casos de origen traumático y 3 para los no traumáticos), tradicionalmente establecidos por la Multi-Society-Task-Force. Se empleó un modelo de regresión logística para determinar las variables predictoras de superar el EMC. Resultados: Un total de 23 pacientes en SVSR superaron este estado, pero solo 9 superaron el EMC. De los 43 pacientes en EMC al ingreso, 26 lograron superarlo. Ocho de los 23 (34,7%) pacientes que superaron el SVSR y 17 de los 35 (48,6%) que superaron el EMC lo hicieron más allá del punto de «irreversibilidad». La etiología (p < 0,01), la cronicidad (p = 0,01) y la puntuación en la CRS-R (p < 0,001) predijeron la salida de EMC en el modelo multivariante con un 77,5% de acierto. Conclusiones: Tanto el SVRS como el EMC son entidades clínicamente diferenciadas en términos diagnósticos y pronósticos. Algunos criterios clásicos relacionados con el mal pronóstico de estos estados en términos de tiempo y posibilidades de recuperación deben ser reevaluados. Keywords: Vegetative state, Minimally conscious scale, Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, Prognosis, Longitudinal, Palabras clave: Estado vegetativo, Estado de mínima conciencia, Estado de vigilia sin respuesta, Pronóstico, Longitudinal
ISSN:2173-5808