Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Water upon Exposure to Thermal and Non-Thermal Antiviral Treatments

Human noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide and disease outbreaks have been linked to contaminated surface waters as well as to produce consumption. Noroviruses are extremely stable in water and their presence is being detected with increasing frequency, yet there...

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Main Authors:	Shu Zhu, Candace Barnes, Sutonuka Bhar, Papa Hoyeck, Annalise N. Galbraith, Divya Devabhaktuni, Stephanie M. Karst, Naim Montazeri, Melissa K. Jones
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2020-04-01
Series:	Viruses
Subjects:	antiviral treatment chitosan microparticles disinfection enteric virus food safety surface water
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/4/461

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spelling	doaj-d94d2e20f2e0415bbbba4f715423a2442020-11-25T02:01:14ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-04-011246146110.3390/v12040461Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Water upon Exposure to Thermal and Non-Thermal Antiviral TreatmentsShu Zhu0Candace Barnes1Sutonuka Bhar2Papa Hoyeck3Annalise N. Galbraith4Divya Devabhaktuni5Stephanie M. Karst6Naim Montazeri7Melissa K. Jones8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Food Science and Human Nutrition, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Food Science and Human Nutrition, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAHuman noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide and disease outbreaks have been linked to contaminated surface waters as well as to produce consumption. Noroviruses are extremely stable in water and their presence is being detected with increasing frequency, yet there are no viable methods for reducing norovirus contamination in environmental water. Despite this, there is little knowledge regarding the physical and chemical factors that influence the environmental persistence of this pathogen. This study evaluated the impact of common chemical and physical properties of surface water on the stability of murine norovirus and examined the effect of food-safe chitosan microparticles on infectivity of two human norovirus surrogates. While chemical additives had a minor impact on virus survival, chitosan microparticles significantly reduced infectious titers of both murine norovirus and MS2 bacteriophage.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/4/461antiviral treatmentchitosan microparticlesdisinfectionenteric virusfood safetysurface water
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Shu Zhu Candace Barnes Sutonuka Bhar Papa Hoyeck Annalise N. Galbraith Divya Devabhaktuni Stephanie M. Karst Naim Montazeri Melissa K. Jones
spellingShingle	Shu Zhu Candace Barnes Sutonuka Bhar Papa Hoyeck Annalise N. Galbraith Divya Devabhaktuni Stephanie M. Karst Naim Montazeri Melissa K. Jones Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Water upon Exposure to Thermal and Non-Thermal Antiviral Treatments Viruses antiviral treatment chitosan microparticles disinfection enteric virus food safety surface water
author_facet	Shu Zhu Candace Barnes Sutonuka Bhar Papa Hoyeck Annalise N. Galbraith Divya Devabhaktuni Stephanie M. Karst Naim Montazeri Melissa K. Jones
author_sort	Shu Zhu
title	Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Water upon Exposure to Thermal and Non-Thermal Antiviral Treatments
title_short	Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Water upon Exposure to Thermal and Non-Thermal Antiviral Treatments
title_full	Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Water upon Exposure to Thermal and Non-Thermal Antiviral Treatments
title_fullStr	Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Water upon Exposure to Thermal and Non-Thermal Antiviral Treatments
title_full_unstemmed	Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Water upon Exposure to Thermal and Non-Thermal Antiviral Treatments
title_sort	survival of human norovirus surrogates in water upon exposure to thermal and non-thermal antiviral treatments
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Viruses
issn	1999-4915
publishDate	2020-04-01
description	Human noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide and disease outbreaks have been linked to contaminated surface waters as well as to produce consumption. Noroviruses are extremely stable in water and their presence is being detected with increasing frequency, yet there are no viable methods for reducing norovirus contamination in environmental water. Despite this, there is little knowledge regarding the physical and chemical factors that influence the environmental persistence of this pathogen. This study evaluated the impact of common chemical and physical properties of surface water on the stability of murine norovirus and examined the effect of food-safe chitosan microparticles on infectivity of two human norovirus surrogates. While chemical additives had a minor impact on virus survival, chitosan microparticles significantly reduced infectious titers of both murine norovirus and MS2 bacteriophage.
topic	antiviral treatment chitosan microparticles disinfection enteric virus food safety surface water
url	https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/4/461
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Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Water upon Exposure to Thermal and Non-Thermal Antiviral Treatments

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