Spatio-Temporal Variation of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia Nitrogen in the Water Source of the Middle Route of the South-To-North Water Diversion Project

The quantitative inversion of the concentrations of water quality parameters could clarify the temporal and spatial distribution characteristic, migration, and conversion of water quality parameters. This study took the Danjiangkou Reservoir as the research object, and established an inversion model...

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Main Authors:	Dong Guoquan, Hu Zhenqi, Liu Xuan, Fu Yaokun, Zhang Wenjing
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2020-09-01
Series:	Water
Subjects:	remote sensing inversion Sentinel-2 remote sensing image total nitrogen ammonia nitrogen water source of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP)
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/9/2615

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record_format	Article
spelling	doaj-d92c4c5c31714830853772ef2464a8242020-11-25T02:30:08ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-09-01122615261510.3390/w12092615Spatio-Temporal Variation of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia Nitrogen in the Water Source of the Middle Route of the South-To-North Water Diversion ProjectDong Guoquan0Hu Zhenqi1Liu Xuan2Fu Yaokun3Zhang Wenjing4School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083; ChinaSchool of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083; ChinaSchool of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, ChinaSchool of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083; ChinaDepartment of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Henan College of Surveying and Mapping, Zhengzhou 454000, ChinaThe quantitative inversion of the concentrations of water quality parameters could clarify the temporal and spatial distribution characteristic, migration, and conversion of water quality parameters. This study took the Danjiangkou Reservoir as the research object, and established an inversion model based on the reflectance of different band combinations of remote sensing analyses on Sentinel-2 images, combined with the water quality monitoring data of total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) of the sampling sites in February 2016. The inversion results of TN and NH<sub>3</sub>-N in 2020 were obtained, the variation of TN and NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentrations in the reservoir area were analyzed, and the factors accounting for the variation were discussed. The results indicated that the fitting accuracy using the established model was high for both TN and NH<sub>3</sub>-N, and R<sup>2</sup> was 0.782 for TN and 0.851 for NH<sub>3</sub>-N, respectively, showing high predication accuracy, which could be suitable for remote sensing inversion of TN and NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentrations in the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentration of the Danjiangkou Reservoir was in line with Class I from 2016 to 2020, while the TN concentration was between Class III and IV. The inter-annual changes indicated that the overall water quality had an upward trend. The main tributary in the northern of the Danjiangkou Reservoir had a heavy load of TN, and after entering the reservoir, the flow velocity decreased, which caused nitrogen to accumulate at the river entrance, leading to a high TN concentration. The large slope of the mountainous area cause soil erosion. The lost soil and water carried a large amount of pesticides and fertilizers, and the ground runoff carried a large amount of nitrogen into water body, which could account for the high NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentration on the east and west sides of the southern part of the Danjiangkou Reservoir.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/9/2615remote sensing inversionSentinel-2 remote sensing imagetotal nitrogenammonia nitrogenwater source of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP)
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Dong Guoquan Hu Zhenqi Liu Xuan Fu Yaokun Zhang Wenjing
spellingShingle	Dong Guoquan Hu Zhenqi Liu Xuan Fu Yaokun Zhang Wenjing Spatio-Temporal Variation of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia Nitrogen in the Water Source of the Middle Route of the South-To-North Water Diversion Project Water remote sensing inversion Sentinel-2 remote sensing image total nitrogen ammonia nitrogen water source of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP)
author_facet	Dong Guoquan Hu Zhenqi Liu Xuan Fu Yaokun Zhang Wenjing
author_sort	Dong Guoquan
title	Spatio-Temporal Variation of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia Nitrogen in the Water Source of the Middle Route of the South-To-North Water Diversion Project
title_short	Spatio-Temporal Variation of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia Nitrogen in the Water Source of the Middle Route of the South-To-North Water Diversion Project
title_full	Spatio-Temporal Variation of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia Nitrogen in the Water Source of the Middle Route of the South-To-North Water Diversion Project
title_fullStr	Spatio-Temporal Variation of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia Nitrogen in the Water Source of the Middle Route of the South-To-North Water Diversion Project
title_full_unstemmed	Spatio-Temporal Variation of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia Nitrogen in the Water Source of the Middle Route of the South-To-North Water Diversion Project
title_sort	spatio-temporal variation of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the water source of the middle route of the south-to-north water diversion project
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Water
issn	2073-4441
publishDate	2020-09-01
description	The quantitative inversion of the concentrations of water quality parameters could clarify the temporal and spatial distribution characteristic, migration, and conversion of water quality parameters. This study took the Danjiangkou Reservoir as the research object, and established an inversion model based on the reflectance of different band combinations of remote sensing analyses on Sentinel-2 images, combined with the water quality monitoring data of total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) of the sampling sites in February 2016. The inversion results of TN and NH<sub>3</sub>-N in 2020 were obtained, the variation of TN and NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentrations in the reservoir area were analyzed, and the factors accounting for the variation were discussed. The results indicated that the fitting accuracy using the established model was high for both TN and NH<sub>3</sub>-N, and R<sup>2</sup> was 0.782 for TN and 0.851 for NH<sub>3</sub>-N, respectively, showing high predication accuracy, which could be suitable for remote sensing inversion of TN and NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentrations in the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentration of the Danjiangkou Reservoir was in line with Class I from 2016 to 2020, while the TN concentration was between Class III and IV. The inter-annual changes indicated that the overall water quality had an upward trend. The main tributary in the northern of the Danjiangkou Reservoir had a heavy load of TN, and after entering the reservoir, the flow velocity decreased, which caused nitrogen to accumulate at the river entrance, leading to a high TN concentration. The large slope of the mountainous area cause soil erosion. The lost soil and water carried a large amount of pesticides and fertilizers, and the ground runoff carried a large amount of nitrogen into water body, which could account for the high NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentration on the east and west sides of the southern part of the Danjiangkou Reservoir.
topic	remote sensing inversion Sentinel-2 remote sensing image total nitrogen ammonia nitrogen water source of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP)
url	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/9/2615
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Spatio-Temporal Variation of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia Nitrogen in the Water Source of the Middle Route of the South-To-North Water Diversion Project

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