Investigation on the influence of periodontal disease in gestation on small for gestational age

• Main Authors: TANG Jing, YE Changchang, XIA Zhongyi, WU Wanhong, HUANG Ping, WU Yafei
• Format: Article
• Language: zho
• Published: Editorial Department of Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases 2020-05-01
• Series: 口腔疾病防治
• Subjects: periodontal diseases; small for gestational age; socioeconomic factors; pregnancy; oral hygiene; premature delivery; low birth weight infants; periodontal treatment; probing depth
• Online Access: http://www.kqjbfz.com/CN/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2020.05.007
• ISSN: 2096-1456; 2096-1456

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevant social and environmental factors affecting the occurrence of periodontal diseases during pregnancy in pregnant women and to analyze the influence of the periodontal status of women in the second trimester of pregnancy on small for gestational age (SGA) delivery.Methods A total of 215 pregnant women were enrolled in this study in the Department of Periodontology of the West China Hospital of Stomatology of Sichuan University from May 2015 to May 2018. Periodontal parameters, such as bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), were recorded at 16-24 weeks of gestational age. Subjects were divided into the periodontitis (n=32) group, gingivitis (n=171) group and periodontally healthy (n=12) group according to their periodontal conditions. With the patient′s informed consent, the patient decided whether to receive periodontal treatment. Basic and socioeconomic information was collected through questionnaires. After delivery, subjects were divided into the SGA group and non-SGA group according to their birth results. The periodontal clinical indicators, questionnaire results and delivery results were compared among the groups.Results The mean PD (P=0.005, r=-0.192) and BOP% (P=0.003, r=-0.199) were negatively correlated with economic income. The family income in the periodontitis group was significantly lower than that in the healthy group and the gingivitis group (P < 0.05). The flossing use rate was significantly higher in the healthy group than that in the gingivitis group (P < 0.05). A total of 106 pregnant women received scaling and root planing, while 109 patients only received oral hygiene instruction. After delivery, SGA occurred in 23 cases (10.7%), and there were no significant difference in SGA incidence among the three groups (P > 0.05). PD ≥ 5 mm% and PD ≥ 4 mm% (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the SGA group than in the non-SGA group. There was no significant difference in SGA incidence between the treated group and the untreated group (P > 0.05).Conclusion Family income and dental flossing use have an impact on the incidence of periodontal diseases during pregnancy. The severity of periodontitis in pregnant women is correlated with the incidence of SGA.