Epilepsy in the process of artistic creation of Dostoevsky

Introduction: Fyodor M. Dostoevsky (Moscow, 1821-Saint Petersburg, 1881) suffered epilepsy throughout his full literary career. The aim here is to understand his condition in light of his novels, correspondence and his contemporaries’ accounts as well as by later generations of neurologists. Develop...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: I. Iniesta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier España 2014-07-01
Series:Neurología (English Edition)
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580814000686
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Summary:Introduction: Fyodor M. Dostoevsky (Moscow, 1821-Saint Petersburg, 1881) suffered epilepsy throughout his full literary career. The aim here is to understand his condition in light of his novels, correspondence and his contemporaries’ accounts as well as by later generations of neurologists. Development: From Murin and Ordynov (The landlady, 1847) to Smerdyakov (The brothers Karamazov, 1879-1880), Dostoevsky portrayed up to six characters with epilepsy in his literature. Apart from making an intelligent use of the disease by incorporating it into his novels, his seminal idea –that a moment of happiness is worth a lifetime– was probably inspired by his epileptic aura. Through epilepsy, Dostoevsky also found a way to freedom from perpetual military servitude. The first symptoms of the epilepsy presented in early adulthood (late 1830s to early 1840s), but he was only diagnosed a decade later. In 1863 he went abroad seeking expert advice from Romberg and Trousseau. In the first retrospective study of Dostoevsky's literary epilepsy, Stephenson and Isotoff noticed the influence of Carus’ Psyche (1848) in the preparation of his characters, whilst his epilepsy has inspired later generations of epileptologists. Conclusions: Dostoevsky offers an insight into the natural history of an epilepsy, which in contemporary scientific terms would be classified as cryptogenic localisation-related epilepsy of probable temporal lobe origin. Above all, Dostoevsky's case illustrates the good use of a common neurological disorder by a remarkable writer who transformed suffering into art and a disadvantage into an advantage. Resumen: Introducción: Durante toda su carrera literaria, Fiódor M. Dostoievski (Moscú, 1821-San Petersburgo, 1881) padeció epilepsia. En el presente artículo se abordará la enfermedad del escritor partiendo de su obra literaria, su correspondencia y los testimonios de sus contemporáneos, complementada con una revisión de la literatura médica relacionada. Desarrollo: Desde Murin y Ordínov (La patrona, 1847) hasta Smerdiákov (Los hermanos Karamazov, 1879-1880) Dostoievski atribuyó epilepsia a seis personajes a lo largo de su obra. La idea (vertebradora en su literatura) de que un instante de felicidad puede valer por una vida nace probablemente del aura epiléptica con que se iniciaban los ataques. Además de utilizar la enfermedad inteligentemente en sus novelas, la epilepsia le valió también para librarse de una condena vitalicia a servir en el ejército siberiano. En 1863 viajó a Europa Central con intención de consultar a los neurólogos Romberg y Trousseau. En el primer análisis retrospectivo acerca de la epilepsia en su literatura, Stephenson e Isotoff apuntaron la probable influencia de la Psique de Carus (1848) en la construcción de sus personajes, mientras que su epilepsia ha inspirado a sucesivas generaciones de epileptólogos. Conclusiones: La de Dostoievski es la historia natural de una epilepsia que en terminología científica contemporánea se clasificaría como criptogénica focal de probable origen temporal. Por encima de todo, el caso de Dostoievski muestra el buen uso de un trastorno neurológico ordinario por un genio literario extraordinario, que supo transformar la adversidad en oportunidad. Keywords: Dostoevsky, Epilepsy, History of neurology, Literature, Medical humanities, Narrative based medicine, Palabras clave: Dostoievski, Epilepsia, Historia de la neurología, Humanidades médicas, Literatura, Medicina basada en la narrativa
ISSN:2173-5808