Chaotic Reversible Watermarking Method Based on IWT with Tamper Detection for Transferring Electronic Health Record

• Main Authors: Mahboubeh Nazari, Arash Maneshi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hindawi-Wiley 2021-01-01
• Series: Security and Communication Networks
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5514944

Health IoT deals with sensitive medical information of patients, therefore security concerns need to be addressed. Confidentiality of Electronic Health Record (EHR) and privacy are two important security requirements for IoT based healthcare systems. Recently, watermarking algorithms as an efficient response to these requirements is in the spotlight. Further, as smart city-based applications have to react to real-time situations, efficient computation is a demand for them. In this paper, a secure, lightweight, reversible, and high capacity watermarking algorithm with tamper detection capability is proposed for IoT based healthcare systems. The scheme has applied Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and chaotic map for efficiency and increasing security. EHR is encrypted and then embedded into the Least Significant Bits (LSB) of wavelet coefficients of medical images. The proposed method has been extensively tested for various color and grayscale commonly used medical and general images. Investigations on experimental results and criterions such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Bit Error Ratio (BER) above 45.41 dB and 0.04, respectively, for payload of 432,538 bits indicate that the proposed method, besides providing security, being reversible, tamper detection capability, and high embedding capacity, has high imperceptibility and adequate resistance against different types of attacks.