| Summary: | The structure, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic activity in vitro of a novel homogeneous polysaccharide from <i>Tricholoma matsutake</i> (Tmp) were investigated. Structural features suggested that Tmp was consisted of arabinose (Ara), mannose (Man), glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal) with a molar ratio of 1.9:13.6:42.7:28.3, respectively, with a molecular weight of 72.14 kDa. The structural chain of Tmp was confirmed to contain →2,5)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-Arabinofuranose (Ara<i>f</i>)-(1→, →3,5)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-Ara<i>f</i>-(1→, β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glucopyranose (Glc<i>p</i>)-(1→, α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Mannopyranose (Man<i>p</i>)-(1→, α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galacopyranose (Gal<i>p</i>)-(1→, →4)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Gal<i>p</i>-(1→, →3)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glc<i>p</i>-(1→, →3)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Man<i>p</i>-(1→, →6)-3-<i>O</i>-Methyl (Me)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Man<i>p</i>-(1→, →6)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Gal<i>p</i>-(1→, →3,6)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glc<i>p</i>-(1→, →6)-α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Man<i>p</i>-(1→ residues. Furthermore, Tmp possessed strong antioxidant activity and showed the strong inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. Then, a further evaluation found that there was a dramatic improvement in the glucose consumption, glycogen synthesis and the activities of pyruvate kinase and hexokinase when the insulin-resistant-human hepatoma cell line (IR-HepG2) was treated with Tmp. The above results indicated that Tmp had good hypoglycemic activity and also exhibited great potentials in in terms of dealing with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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