Chronic respiratory disease and tobacco consumption. Review

• Main Author: M. G. Gambaryan
• Format: Article
• Language: Russian
• Published: Remedium Group LLC 2016-12-01
• Series: Медицинский совет
• Subjects: chronic respiratory diseases (crd); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd); smoking; tobacco consumption; prevention of copd; treatment of tobacco dependence; nct; varenicline
• Online Access: https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1599
• ISSN: 2079-701X; 2658-5790

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD), and in particular chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pose a relevant healthcare and social problem globally, reflecting the upward trend in the morbidity and mortality from diseases related to tobacco consumption. Tobacco smoking is the main and only modifiable risk factor for the development of CRD including COPD. The current understanding of the problem suggests that COPD develops in 50% of tobacco users and not in 15% as previously thought; that the disease may have originated even before birth or in early childhood; that capturing the mechanisms of the disease development is essential for timely prevention. Prevention of CRD, particularly COPD, should be aimed at overcoming tobacco consumption and take into account all the other risk factors for these diseases. The current smoking cessation treatments involve behavior counselling in combination with first-line pharmacotherapies such as NCT or varenicline. Patients with COPD need greater support than healthy smokers, and interventions for cessation of tobacco consumption are the most cost-effective in reducing the rates of the lung function deterioration and decreasing morbidity and mortality from the disease.