| Summary: | Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD) is a special entity in obstructive azoospermia. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene are involved in Taiwanese CBAVD but most heterozygous 5T variant. The solute carrier family 9 isoform 3 (SLC9A3) is the Na+/H+ exchanger, which interacts with CFTR and regulates the Ca2+ homeostasis. Loss of SLC9A3 decreases CFTR protein and causes obstructive azoospermia in mice. It also causes mal-reabsorption by the efferent tubules, which leads to the obstructive phenomenon and eventually results in testicular atrophy. In 6-month old SLC9A3 deficiency mice, the atrophy of their vas deferens and seminal vesicles become more prominent. Decreases of CFTR expression in the reproductive organ in the SLC9A3 deficient (−/−) mice prove the interaction between CFTR and SLC9A3 in the reproductive tract. Most of Taiwanese CBAVD have at least one variant of SLC9A3 deletion and CFTR IVS8-5T, which co-contribute to Taiwanese CBAVD. The report indicates SLC9A3 deficiency can reverse the pathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract of CF mice. Further research can explore the definite mechanism of SLC9A3 and its role interacting with CFTR in different organ systems, which can contribute to novel treatment for the patients with cystic fibrosis and CBAVD. Keywords: Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Solute carrier family 9 isoform 3
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