SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection of Air and Surface Contamination by TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalyst-Mediated Damage to Viral Morphology, RNA, and Protein
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, which is a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted rapidly via contaminated surfaces and aerosols, emphasizing the importance of environmental disinfection to block the spread of virus. Ultraviolet C radiation and chemical compounds are effective for...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/5/942 |
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doaj-d71b487d305a4d538c5d4176bae90b912021-06-01T00:35:22ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-05-011394294210.3390/v13050942SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection of Air and Surface Contamination by TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalyst-Mediated Damage to Viral Morphology, RNA, and ProteinRyosuke Matsuura0Chieh-Wen Lo1Satoshi Wada2Junichi Somei3Heihachiro Ochiai4Takeharu Murakami5Norihito Saito6Takayo Ogawa7Atsushi Shinjo8Yoshimi Benno9Masaru Nakagawa10Masami Takei11Yoko Aida12Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, JapanLaboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, JapanDivision of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanDivision of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanDivision of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanPhotonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, JapanPhotonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, JapanPhotonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, JapanPhotonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, JapanBenno Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Saitama 351-0198, JapanDivision of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanDivision of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanLaboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, JapanSARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, which is a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted rapidly via contaminated surfaces and aerosols, emphasizing the importance of environmental disinfection to block the spread of virus. Ultraviolet C radiation and chemical compounds are effective for SARS-CoV-2 disinfection, but can only be applied in the absence of humans due to their toxicities. Therefore, development of disinfectants that can be applied in working spaces without evacuating people is needed. Here we showed that TiO<sub>2</sub>-mediated photocatalytic reaction inactivates SARS-CoV-2 in a time-dependent manner and decreases its infectivity by 99.9% after 20 min and 120 min of treatment in aerosol and liquid, respectively. The mechanistic effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst on SARS-CoV-2 virion included decreased total observed virion count, increased virion size, and reduced particle surface spike structure, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Damage to viral proteins and genome was further confirmed by western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. The multi-antiviral effects of TiO<sub>2</sub>-mediated photocatalytic reaction implies universal disinfection potential for different infectious agents. Notably, TiO<sub>2</sub> has no adverse effects on human health, and therefore, TiO<sub>2</sub>-induced photocatalytic reaction is suitable for disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging infectious disease-causing agents in human habitation.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/5/942SARS-CoV-2 inactivationTiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalystaerosolRNA damageviral morphology disruptionviral protein damage |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Ryosuke Matsuura Chieh-Wen Lo Satoshi Wada Junichi Somei Heihachiro Ochiai Takeharu Murakami Norihito Saito Takayo Ogawa Atsushi Shinjo Yoshimi Benno Masaru Nakagawa Masami Takei Yoko Aida |
| spellingShingle |
Ryosuke Matsuura Chieh-Wen Lo Satoshi Wada Junichi Somei Heihachiro Ochiai Takeharu Murakami Norihito Saito Takayo Ogawa Atsushi Shinjo Yoshimi Benno Masaru Nakagawa Masami Takei Yoko Aida SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection of Air and Surface Contamination by TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalyst-Mediated Damage to Viral Morphology, RNA, and Protein Viruses SARS-CoV-2 inactivation TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst aerosol RNA damage viral morphology disruption viral protein damage |
| author_facet |
Ryosuke Matsuura Chieh-Wen Lo Satoshi Wada Junichi Somei Heihachiro Ochiai Takeharu Murakami Norihito Saito Takayo Ogawa Atsushi Shinjo Yoshimi Benno Masaru Nakagawa Masami Takei Yoko Aida |
| author_sort |
Ryosuke Matsuura |
| title |
SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection of Air and Surface Contamination by TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalyst-Mediated Damage to Viral Morphology, RNA, and Protein |
| title_short |
SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection of Air and Surface Contamination by TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalyst-Mediated Damage to Viral Morphology, RNA, and Protein |
| title_full |
SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection of Air and Surface Contamination by TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalyst-Mediated Damage to Viral Morphology, RNA, and Protein |
| title_fullStr |
SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection of Air and Surface Contamination by TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalyst-Mediated Damage to Viral Morphology, RNA, and Protein |
| title_full_unstemmed |
SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection of Air and Surface Contamination by TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalyst-Mediated Damage to Viral Morphology, RNA, and Protein |
| title_sort |
sars-cov-2 disinfection of air and surface contamination by tio<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst-mediated damage to viral morphology, rna, and protein |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Viruses |
| issn |
1999-4915 |
| publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
| description |
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, which is a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted rapidly via contaminated surfaces and aerosols, emphasizing the importance of environmental disinfection to block the spread of virus. Ultraviolet C radiation and chemical compounds are effective for SARS-CoV-2 disinfection, but can only be applied in the absence of humans due to their toxicities. Therefore, development of disinfectants that can be applied in working spaces without evacuating people is needed. Here we showed that TiO<sub>2</sub>-mediated photocatalytic reaction inactivates SARS-CoV-2 in a time-dependent manner and decreases its infectivity by 99.9% after 20 min and 120 min of treatment in aerosol and liquid, respectively. The mechanistic effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst on SARS-CoV-2 virion included decreased total observed virion count, increased virion size, and reduced particle surface spike structure, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Damage to viral proteins and genome was further confirmed by western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. The multi-antiviral effects of TiO<sub>2</sub>-mediated photocatalytic reaction implies universal disinfection potential for different infectious agents. Notably, TiO<sub>2</sub> has no adverse effects on human health, and therefore, TiO<sub>2</sub>-induced photocatalytic reaction is suitable for disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging infectious disease-causing agents in human habitation. |
| topic |
SARS-CoV-2 inactivation TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst aerosol RNA damage viral morphology disruption viral protein damage |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/5/942 |
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