RETENTION PERIOD – THE IMPORTANT STAGE OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW)

• Main Authors: K.A. Solovei, L.V. Smaglyuk
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy 2015-03-01
• Series: Український стоматологічний альманах
• Subjects: retention period, recurrence, orthodontic treatment, malocclusion.
• Online Access: https://dental-almanac.org/index.php/journal/article/view/101
• ISSN: 2409-0255; 2410-1427

Orthodontic treatment involves two major periods: the period of active orthodontic treatment and consolidation of the orthodontic treatment results (retention). Instability results of orthodontic treatment may lead to recurrence of malocclusion, resulting in retention phase (the period following the end of active treatment). It  is necessary to save all the new teeth positions. After the orthodontic treatment 18.9% in adults and 36.8% in children recurrence may be developed. Etiology of recurrence is multifactor and very individual. At the same time, there is no clear explanation about the term of "recurrence" and what kind of movement we call "recurrence." Alimov M. Makeieva et al. (2009) proposed a partial or full recurrence to previous teeth position after some period of time and say that it is necessary to pay attention to a number of natural aging changes during human ontogenesis whose impact on dental system needs to predict. Errors made at the stage of diagnostics, affecting the stability of treatment results. The literature discussed and proposed certain recommendations to maintain the results of orthodontic treatment. According to Andrews L.F. (1972) "six keys of occlusion" in orthodontic treatment for the results stability should be made. Several authors report that for a stable result the dental arch primary shape and inter canine distance should not change much; inter canine increasing distance leads to crowding in the frontal area, especially in the lower jaw. Many authors are concerned about the impact on the formation of third molar teeth crowding. Rubinov I.S. (1957) connected the problem of recurrence with periodontal tissues state. We also know that soft tissues have a significant effect on the teeth . It is important to eliminate tongue muscles parafunctions and normalization of swallowing, patient education to hold the tongue in the correct position when the mouth closed. There is a classification etiology recurrence factors teeth-maxillo-facial abnormalities and deformities by M.J. Alimov and I.M. Makeyev (2009): general, local, and iatrogenic causes are unknown. Another problem in dealing retention is its duration. The question of the retention period duration discussed in conjunction with restructuring issues different tissues of dental-jaw region under orthodontic force influence. Term of retention period may be due to the fact adjustment and displacement in the tissues surrounding tooth that under influence of orthodontic occur. It is necessary some time to reorganize gum and periodontal tissue after removing of appliances. In adults all metabolic processes occurring in the body much slower than in children and adolescents because of the lower mobility of teeth in their retention period should be longer. Determine the patients who recurrence after treatment there, given the primary anomaly and changes in treatment is not possible. Because of this, many authors tend to retention for long-term maintenance of orthodontic treatment results.  The most important issue today is to choose the design of orthodontic appliances. In modern terms not disclosed the issue of guidelines of retention appliances design choosing according to the common factors posture stability of the human body in space.