Normative and reliability study of fototest

Introduction: The Fototest is a brief cognitive test suitable for illiterate persons, and valid and accurate for detecting cognitive impairment or dementia. Our aim was to conclude the development of this instrument carrying out a normative and reliability study. Method: The normative study was perf...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: C. Carnero-Pardo, C. Sáez-Zea, L. Montiel-Navarro, I. Feria-Vilar, M. Gurpegui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier España 2011-01-01
Series:Neurología (English Edition)
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580811700049
id doaj-d573ec1382b84809a00d75d57d46d747
record_format Article
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author C. Carnero-Pardo
C. Sáez-Zea
L. Montiel-Navarro
I. Feria-Vilar
M. Gurpegui
spellingShingle C. Carnero-Pardo
C. Sáez-Zea
L. Montiel-Navarro
I. Feria-Vilar
M. Gurpegui
Normative and reliability study of fototest
Neurología (English Edition)
author_facet C. Carnero-Pardo
C. Sáez-Zea
L. Montiel-Navarro
I. Feria-Vilar
M. Gurpegui
author_sort C. Carnero-Pardo
title Normative and reliability study of fototest
title_short Normative and reliability study of fototest
title_full Normative and reliability study of fototest
title_fullStr Normative and reliability study of fototest
title_full_unstemmed Normative and reliability study of fototest
title_sort normative and reliability study of fototest
publisher Elsevier España
series Neurología (English Edition)
issn 2173-5808
publishDate 2011-01-01
description Introduction: The Fototest is a brief cognitive test suitable for illiterate persons, and valid and accurate for detecting cognitive impairment or dementia. Our aim was to conclude the development of this instrument carrying out a normative and reliability study. Method: The normative study was performed on a convenience sample of 223 healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 85 years. The test-retest reliability was assessed through a repeated-measures cross-sectional design on a sample of 50 subjects with no cognitive impairment; the inter-rater reliability was determined by the blind assessment of 10 test applications performed by 30 independent observers; in both instances, reliability was expressed as intra-class correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was analysed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The results on the Fototest are normally distributed and are not influenced by gender or educational level but they do vary with age. The test-retest reliability of the Fototest was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81–0.93); the inter-rater reliability, 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96–0.99); and the internal consistency, 0.94. Conclusions: The Fototest is free from educational influence and shows appropriate testretest and inter-rater reliabilities, as well as a high internal consistency. Therefore, it is a suitable psychometric instrument to be used in the follow-up of patients with cognitive impairment or dementia, especially in contexts where evaluators are not the same on different occasions, or with patients of low educational level. Resumen: Introducción: El Fototest es un test cognitivo breve aplicable a analfabetos, válido y útil para la detección de deterioro cognitivo y demencia. Nuestro objetivo es completar el proceso de desarrollo del instrumento llevando a cabo un estudio normativo y de fiabilidad. Métodos: El estudio normativo se realizó en una muestra de conveniencia de 223 sujetos voluntarios sanos entre 20 y 85 años. La fiabilidad test-retest (Ftr) se evaluó mediante un diseño transversal de medidas repetidas en una muestra de 50 sujetos sin deterioro cognitivo; la fiabilidad interobservador (Fio) se determinó mediante la evaluación a ciegas de 10 aplicaciones del test por 30 observadores independientes; en ambos casos se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase. La evaluación de la consistencia interna (CI) se llevó a cabo mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: Los resultados del Fototest se distribuyen normalmente y no están influenciados por el sexo ni el nivel educativo, pero sí por la edad. La Ftr del Fototest es 0,89 (IC 95%: 0.81–0.93), la Fio es de 0,98 (IC 95%: 0.96–0.99) y 0,94 la CI. Conclusiones: El Fototest está libre de influencias educativas y tiene una adecuada fiabilidad, tanto Ftr como Fio, y una alta consistencia interna, por tanto, es un instrumento adecuado para ser usado en el seguimiento de pacientes con deterioro cognitivo y demencia sobre todo en entornos en que cambien los evaluadores, en especial en poblaciones con bajo nivel educativo. Keywords: Screening Test, Test cognitive short, Fototest, Interobserver reliability, Test-retest reliability, Test of the photos, Standardization, Palabras clave: Test de Cribado, Tests cognitivos breves, Fototest, Fiabilidad interobservador, Fiabilidad test-retest, Test de las Fotos, Normalización
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580811700049
work_keys_str_mv AT ccarneropardo normativeandreliabilitystudyoffototest
AT csaezzea normativeandreliabilitystudyoffototest
AT lmontielnavarro normativeandreliabilitystudyoffototest
AT iferiavilar normativeandreliabilitystudyoffototest
AT mgurpegui normativeandreliabilitystudyoffototest
_version_ 1725226192313778176
spelling doaj-d573ec1382b84809a00d75d57d46d7472020-11-25T00:56:39ZengElsevier EspañaNeurología (English Edition)2173-58082011-01-012612025Normative and reliability study of fototestC. Carnero-Pardo0C. Sáez-Zea1L. Montiel-Navarro2I. Feria-Vilar3M. Gurpegui4Servicio de Neurología Cognitivo-Conductual, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; FIDYAN Neurocenter, Granada, Spain; Corresponding author.Servicio de Neurología Cognitivo-Conductual, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, SpainHospital Rafael Méndez, Lorca (Granada), SpainServicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Albacete, SpainDepartamento de Psiquiatría e Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, SpainIntroduction: The Fototest is a brief cognitive test suitable for illiterate persons, and valid and accurate for detecting cognitive impairment or dementia. Our aim was to conclude the development of this instrument carrying out a normative and reliability study. Method: The normative study was performed on a convenience sample of 223 healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 85 years. The test-retest reliability was assessed through a repeated-measures cross-sectional design on a sample of 50 subjects with no cognitive impairment; the inter-rater reliability was determined by the blind assessment of 10 test applications performed by 30 independent observers; in both instances, reliability was expressed as intra-class correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was analysed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The results on the Fototest are normally distributed and are not influenced by gender or educational level but they do vary with age. The test-retest reliability of the Fototest was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81–0.93); the inter-rater reliability, 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96–0.99); and the internal consistency, 0.94. Conclusions: The Fototest is free from educational influence and shows appropriate testretest and inter-rater reliabilities, as well as a high internal consistency. Therefore, it is a suitable psychometric instrument to be used in the follow-up of patients with cognitive impairment or dementia, especially in contexts where evaluators are not the same on different occasions, or with patients of low educational level. Resumen: Introducción: El Fototest es un test cognitivo breve aplicable a analfabetos, válido y útil para la detección de deterioro cognitivo y demencia. Nuestro objetivo es completar el proceso de desarrollo del instrumento llevando a cabo un estudio normativo y de fiabilidad. Métodos: El estudio normativo se realizó en una muestra de conveniencia de 223 sujetos voluntarios sanos entre 20 y 85 años. La fiabilidad test-retest (Ftr) se evaluó mediante un diseño transversal de medidas repetidas en una muestra de 50 sujetos sin deterioro cognitivo; la fiabilidad interobservador (Fio) se determinó mediante la evaluación a ciegas de 10 aplicaciones del test por 30 observadores independientes; en ambos casos se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase. La evaluación de la consistencia interna (CI) se llevó a cabo mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: Los resultados del Fototest se distribuyen normalmente y no están influenciados por el sexo ni el nivel educativo, pero sí por la edad. La Ftr del Fototest es 0,89 (IC 95%: 0.81–0.93), la Fio es de 0,98 (IC 95%: 0.96–0.99) y 0,94 la CI. Conclusiones: El Fototest está libre de influencias educativas y tiene una adecuada fiabilidad, tanto Ftr como Fio, y una alta consistencia interna, por tanto, es un instrumento adecuado para ser usado en el seguimiento de pacientes con deterioro cognitivo y demencia sobre todo en entornos en que cambien los evaluadores, en especial en poblaciones con bajo nivel educativo. Keywords: Screening Test, Test cognitive short, Fototest, Interobserver reliability, Test-retest reliability, Test of the photos, Standardization, Palabras clave: Test de Cribado, Tests cognitivos breves, Fototest, Fiabilidad interobservador, Fiabilidad test-retest, Test de las Fotos, Normalizaciónhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580811700049