Measuring Gait Stability in People with Multiple Sclerosis Using Different Sensor Locations and Time Scales

The evaluation of local divergence exponent (LDE) has been proposed as a common gait stability measure in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, differences in methods of determining LDE may lead to different results. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine the effect o...

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Main Authors: Roy Müller, Lucas Schreff, Lisa-Eyleen Koch, Patrick Oschmann, Daniel Hamacher
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-06-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
MS
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4001
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spelling doaj-d4fa8b49d71c477d9f9e10b9b9af35e62021-06-30T23:47:09ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-06-01214001400110.3390/s21124001Measuring Gait Stability in People with Multiple Sclerosis Using Different Sensor Locations and Time ScalesRoy Müller0Lucas Schreff1Lisa-Eyleen Koch2Patrick Oschmann3Daniel Hamacher4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, GermanyDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, GermanyDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, GermanyDepartment of Sports Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07749 Jena, GermanyThe evaluation of local divergence exponent (LDE) has been proposed as a common gait stability measure in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, differences in methods of determining LDE may lead to different results. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of different sensor locations and LDE measures on the sensitivity to discriminate PwMS. To accomplish this, 86 PwMS and 30 healthy participants were instructed to complete a six-minute walk wearing inertial sensors attached to the foot, trunk and lumbar spine. Due to possible fatigue effects, the LDE short (~50% of stride) and very short (~5% of stride) were calculated for the remaining first, middle and last 30 strides. The effect of group (PwMS vs. healthy participants) and time (begin, mid, end) and the effect of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and time were assessed with linear random intercepts models. We found that perturbations seem to be better compensated in healthy participants on a longer time scale based on trunk movements and on a shorter time scale (almost instantaneously) according to the foot kinematics. Therefore, we suggest to consider both sensor location and time scale of LDE when calculating local gait stability in PwMS.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4001MS6-min walk25-foot walklocal dynamic stabilityLyapunov exponentfatigue
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Roy Müller
Lucas Schreff
Lisa-Eyleen Koch
Patrick Oschmann
Daniel Hamacher
spellingShingle Roy Müller
Lucas Schreff
Lisa-Eyleen Koch
Patrick Oschmann
Daniel Hamacher
Measuring Gait Stability in People with Multiple Sclerosis Using Different Sensor Locations and Time Scales
Sensors
MS
6-min walk
25-foot walk
local dynamic stability
Lyapunov exponent
fatigue
author_facet Roy Müller
Lucas Schreff
Lisa-Eyleen Koch
Patrick Oschmann
Daniel Hamacher
author_sort Roy Müller
title Measuring Gait Stability in People with Multiple Sclerosis Using Different Sensor Locations and Time Scales
title_short Measuring Gait Stability in People with Multiple Sclerosis Using Different Sensor Locations and Time Scales
title_full Measuring Gait Stability in People with Multiple Sclerosis Using Different Sensor Locations and Time Scales
title_fullStr Measuring Gait Stability in People with Multiple Sclerosis Using Different Sensor Locations and Time Scales
title_full_unstemmed Measuring Gait Stability in People with Multiple Sclerosis Using Different Sensor Locations and Time Scales
title_sort measuring gait stability in people with multiple sclerosis using different sensor locations and time scales
publisher MDPI AG
series Sensors
issn 1424-8220
publishDate 2021-06-01
description The evaluation of local divergence exponent (LDE) has been proposed as a common gait stability measure in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, differences in methods of determining LDE may lead to different results. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of different sensor locations and LDE measures on the sensitivity to discriminate PwMS. To accomplish this, 86 PwMS and 30 healthy participants were instructed to complete a six-minute walk wearing inertial sensors attached to the foot, trunk and lumbar spine. Due to possible fatigue effects, the LDE short (~50% of stride) and very short (~5% of stride) were calculated for the remaining first, middle and last 30 strides. The effect of group (PwMS vs. healthy participants) and time (begin, mid, end) and the effect of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and time were assessed with linear random intercepts models. We found that perturbations seem to be better compensated in healthy participants on a longer time scale based on trunk movements and on a shorter time scale (almost instantaneously) according to the foot kinematics. Therefore, we suggest to consider both sensor location and time scale of LDE when calculating local gait stability in PwMS.
topic MS
6-min walk
25-foot walk
local dynamic stability
Lyapunov exponent
fatigue
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4001
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