Case Report: Neonatal Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Two Cases From Saudi Arabia

• Main Authors: Lana A. Shaiba, Adnan Hadid, Khalid A. Altirkawi, Hind M. Bakheet, Aminah Mohammed Alherz, Shaik Asfaq Hussain, Badr H. Sobaih, Abdulrahman M. Alnemri, Rana Almaghrabi, Medina Ahmed, Maria A. Arafah, Abdullah Jarallah, Elham Essa Bukhari, Fahad A. Alzamil
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-01
• Series: Frontiers in Pediatrics
• Subjects: neonatal; multi-system; inflammatory syndrome; SARS-CoV-2; vertical transmission
• Online Access: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.652857/full

Background: Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is under investigation. A few reports suggest the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from mothers to their neonates. Most neonates have mild symptoms, but some develop multisystem involvement and shock.Case Presentation: We report two cases of possible SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission from mothers to their neonates. The first case shows maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the second trimester followed by recurrent infection in the third trimester right before the delivery. The infant demonstrated respiratory distress soon after delivery along with myocardial dysfunction and multi-organ system involvement. The second case shows maternal infection with SARS-COV-2 at the time of delivery with preterm labor secondary to placental abruption, with that delivery resulting in the preterm neonate requiring non-invasive ventilation with multisystem involvement in the context of persistently positive SARS-COV-2 PCR in the neonate. Both neonates were treated with IVIG along with steroids. Both neonates recovered fully and were discharged and allowed to go home.Conclusion: In neonates, COVID-19 usually presents as an asymptomatic or mild illness; some may develop a more severe course. Our two cases, however, demonstrate that multisystem involvement, although rare, is possible. This report also supports the current evidence of possible vertical transmission from mothers to their neonates. This multisystem involvement might be underreported and should be considered in neonates with respiratory distress when born to mothers suffering of COVID-19.Clinical Trial Registration: [KSUMC], identifier [No#98763298].