Heritabilities of Facial Measurements and Their Latent Factors in Korean Families

Genetic studies on facial morphology targeting healthy populations are fundamental in understanding the specific genetic influences involved; yet, most studies to date, if not all, have been focused on congenital diseases accompanied by facial anomalies. To study the specific genetic cues determinin...

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Main Authors: Hyun-Jin Kim, Sun-Wha Im, Ganchimeg Jargal, Siwoo Lee, Jae-Hyuk Yi, Jeong-Yeon Park, Joohon Sung, Sung-Il Cho, Jong-Yeol Kim, Jong-Il Kim, Jeong-Sun Seo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Korea Genome Organization 2013-06-01
Series:Genomics & Informatics
Subjects:
Online Access:http://genominfo.org/upload/pdf/gni-11-83.pdf
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spelling doaj-d401b532b7e94429830c8ad51c9862e62020-11-24T22:58:08ZengKorea Genome OrganizationGenomics & Informatics1598-866X2234-07422013-06-01112839210.5808/GI.2013.11.2.8384Heritabilities of Facial Measurements and Their Latent Factors in Korean FamiliesHyun-Jin Kim0Sun-Wha Im1Ganchimeg Jargal2Siwoo Lee3Jae-Hyuk Yi4Jeong-Yeon Park5Joohon Sung6Sung-Il Cho7Jong-Yeol Kim8Jong-Il Kim9Jeong-Sun Seo10Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea.Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea.Psoma Therapeutics, Seoul 153-781, Korea.Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.Psoma Therapeutics, Seoul 153-781, Korea.Psoma Therapeutics, Seoul 153-781, Korea.Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea.Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea.Genetic studies on facial morphology targeting healthy populations are fundamental in understanding the specific genetic influences involved; yet, most studies to date, if not all, have been focused on congenital diseases accompanied by facial anomalies. To study the specific genetic cues determining facial morphology, we estimated familial correlations and heritabilities of 14 facial measurements and 3 latent factors inferred from a factor analysis in a subset of the Korean population. The study included a total of 229 individuals from 38 families. We evaluated a total of 14 facial measurements using 2D digital photographs. We performed factor analysis to infer common latent variables. The heritabilities of 13 facial measurements were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and ranged from 0.25 to 0.61. Of these, the heritability of intercanthal width in the orbital region was found to be the highest (h2 = 0.61, SE = 0.14). Three factors (lower face portion, orbital region, and vertical length) were obtained through factor analysis, where the heritability values ranged from 0.45 to 0.55. The heritability values for each factor were higher than the mean heritability value of individual original measurements. We have confirmed the genetic influence on facial anthropometric traits and suggest a potential way to categorize and analyze the facial portions into different groups.http://genominfo.org/upload/pdf/gni-11-83.pdffacial bonesgenetic researchstatistical factor analysis
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Hyun-Jin Kim
Sun-Wha Im
Ganchimeg Jargal
Siwoo Lee
Jae-Hyuk Yi
Jeong-Yeon Park
Joohon Sung
Sung-Il Cho
Jong-Yeol Kim
Jong-Il Kim
Jeong-Sun Seo
spellingShingle Hyun-Jin Kim
Sun-Wha Im
Ganchimeg Jargal
Siwoo Lee
Jae-Hyuk Yi
Jeong-Yeon Park
Joohon Sung
Sung-Il Cho
Jong-Yeol Kim
Jong-Il Kim
Jeong-Sun Seo
Heritabilities of Facial Measurements and Their Latent Factors in Korean Families
Genomics & Informatics
facial bones
genetic research
statistical factor analysis
author_facet Hyun-Jin Kim
Sun-Wha Im
Ganchimeg Jargal
Siwoo Lee
Jae-Hyuk Yi
Jeong-Yeon Park
Joohon Sung
Sung-Il Cho
Jong-Yeol Kim
Jong-Il Kim
Jeong-Sun Seo
author_sort Hyun-Jin Kim
title Heritabilities of Facial Measurements and Their Latent Factors in Korean Families
title_short Heritabilities of Facial Measurements and Their Latent Factors in Korean Families
title_full Heritabilities of Facial Measurements and Their Latent Factors in Korean Families
title_fullStr Heritabilities of Facial Measurements and Their Latent Factors in Korean Families
title_full_unstemmed Heritabilities of Facial Measurements and Their Latent Factors in Korean Families
title_sort heritabilities of facial measurements and their latent factors in korean families
publisher Korea Genome Organization
series Genomics & Informatics
issn 1598-866X
2234-0742
publishDate 2013-06-01
description Genetic studies on facial morphology targeting healthy populations are fundamental in understanding the specific genetic influences involved; yet, most studies to date, if not all, have been focused on congenital diseases accompanied by facial anomalies. To study the specific genetic cues determining facial morphology, we estimated familial correlations and heritabilities of 14 facial measurements and 3 latent factors inferred from a factor analysis in a subset of the Korean population. The study included a total of 229 individuals from 38 families. We evaluated a total of 14 facial measurements using 2D digital photographs. We performed factor analysis to infer common latent variables. The heritabilities of 13 facial measurements were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and ranged from 0.25 to 0.61. Of these, the heritability of intercanthal width in the orbital region was found to be the highest (h2 = 0.61, SE = 0.14). Three factors (lower face portion, orbital region, and vertical length) were obtained through factor analysis, where the heritability values ranged from 0.45 to 0.55. The heritability values for each factor were higher than the mean heritability value of individual original measurements. We have confirmed the genetic influence on facial anthropometric traits and suggest a potential way to categorize and analyze the facial portions into different groups.
topic facial bones
genetic research
statistical factor analysis
url http://genominfo.org/upload/pdf/gni-11-83.pdf
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