Towards Curative Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Posttherapy Tumor Escape
The past decade has witnessed the evolvement of cancer immunotherapy as an increasingly effective therapeutic modality, evidenced by the approval of two immune-based products by the FDA, that is, the cancer vaccine Provenge (sipuleucel-T) for prostate cancer and the antagonist antibody against cytot...
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doaj-d2fad31881f24f6d89027c96cd9c05e82020-11-24T21:20:10ZengHindawi LimitedClinical and Developmental Immunology1740-25221740-25302012-01-01201210.1155/2012/124187124187Towards Curative Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Posttherapy Tumor EscapeGang Zhou0Hyam Levitsky1Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USACancer Immunology Experimental Medicine, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ, USAThe past decade has witnessed the evolvement of cancer immunotherapy as an increasingly effective therapeutic modality, evidenced by the approval of two immune-based products by the FDA, that is, the cancer vaccine Provenge (sipuleucel-T) for prostate cancer and the antagonist antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) ipilimumab for advanced melanoma. In addition, the clinical evaluations of a variety of promising immunotherapy drugs are well under way. Benefiting from more efficacious immunotherapeutic agents and treatment strategies, a number of recent clinical studies have achieved unprecedented therapeutic outcomes in some patients with certain types of cancers. Despite these advances, however, the efficacy of most cancer immunotherapies currently under clinical development has been modest. A recurring scenario is that therapeutic maneuvers initially led to measurable antitumor immune responses in cancer patients but ultimately failed to improve patient outcomes. It is increasingly recognized that tumor cells can antagonize therapy-induced immune attacks through a variety of counterregulation mechanisms, which represent a fundamental barrier to the success of cancer immunotherapy. Herein we summarize the findings from some recent preclinical and clinical studies, focusing on how tumor cells advance their survival and expansion by hijacking therapy-induced immune effector mechanisms that would otherwise mediate their destruction.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/124187 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gang Zhou Hyam Levitsky |
spellingShingle |
Gang Zhou Hyam Levitsky Towards Curative Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Posttherapy Tumor Escape Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
author_facet |
Gang Zhou Hyam Levitsky |
author_sort |
Gang Zhou |
title |
Towards Curative Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Posttherapy Tumor Escape |
title_short |
Towards Curative Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Posttherapy Tumor Escape |
title_full |
Towards Curative Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Posttherapy Tumor Escape |
title_fullStr |
Towards Curative Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Posttherapy Tumor Escape |
title_full_unstemmed |
Towards Curative Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Posttherapy Tumor Escape |
title_sort |
towards curative cancer immunotherapy: overcoming posttherapy tumor escape |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
issn |
1740-2522 1740-2530 |
publishDate |
2012-01-01 |
description |
The past decade has witnessed the evolvement of cancer immunotherapy as an increasingly effective therapeutic modality, evidenced by the approval of two immune-based products by the FDA, that is, the cancer vaccine Provenge (sipuleucel-T) for prostate cancer and the antagonist antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) ipilimumab for advanced melanoma. In addition, the clinical evaluations of a variety of promising immunotherapy drugs are well under way. Benefiting from more efficacious immunotherapeutic agents and treatment strategies, a number of recent clinical studies have achieved unprecedented therapeutic outcomes in some patients with certain types of cancers. Despite these advances, however, the efficacy of most cancer immunotherapies currently under clinical development has been modest. A recurring scenario is that therapeutic maneuvers initially led to measurable antitumor immune responses in cancer patients but ultimately failed to improve patient outcomes. It is increasingly recognized that tumor cells can antagonize therapy-induced immune attacks through a variety of counterregulation mechanisms, which represent a fundamental barrier to the success of cancer immunotherapy. Herein we summarize the findings from some recent preclinical and clinical studies, focusing on how tumor cells advance their survival and expansion by hijacking therapy-induced immune effector mechanisms that would otherwise mediate their destruction. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/124187 |
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