A multi-user multi-operator computing pricing method for Internet of things based on bi-level optimization
The Internet of mobile things is a promising paradigm that generates, stores, and processes amount of real-time data to render rich services for mobile users. Along with the increase of mobile devices in the field of Internet of things, more and more intelligent applications, such as face recognitio...
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doaj-d2b0a36cd8014575923fb1dfd1b4a15b2020-11-25T03:41:20ZengSAGE PublishingInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks1550-14772020-01-011610.1177/1550147719900110A multi-user multi-operator computing pricing method for Internet of things based on bi-level optimizationWei Jiang0Huiqiang Wang1Bingyang Li2Haibin Lv3Qingchuan Meng4College of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, ChinaThe Internet of mobile things is a promising paradigm that generates, stores, and processes amount of real-time data to render rich services for mobile users. Along with the increase of mobile devices in the field of Internet of things, more and more intelligent applications, such as face recognition and virtual reality, have emerged. These applications typically consume large amounts of computing and energy resources. However, due to the physical size limitations of Internet of things terminals, their computing capacity and power are limited, where users’ needs for application processing delay and power consumption cannot be met. Therefore, the concept of edge cloud computing has been proposed, which enhances the computing capacity of Internet of things terminals by offloading user tasks to edge servers for computation. When there are multiple operators, it is important to understand how users choose an operator to perform computation and how operators can reasonably price the computing capacity to meet their own interests. Therefore, we study the computation pricing and user decision-making problems of Internet of things under multi-user and multi-operator scenarios. The problem is divided into three phases and modeled as a two-level optimization problem. While an operator’s goal is to minimize the loss of his interests, the user’s goal is to minimize the computation cost (energy consumption and price). First, since the lower-level user decision-making problem is an integer linear programming problem, we transform it into an equivalent continuous linear programming problem by relaxation. Second, we transform the bi-level optimization problem into an equivalent single-level optimization problem by substituting the lower problem’s Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions into an upper problem. Finally, we use a spatial branch and bound algorithm to solve the problem. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively maintain the benefits of both operators and users in the field of Internet of things.https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719900110 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Wei Jiang Huiqiang Wang Bingyang Li Haibin Lv Qingchuan Meng |
spellingShingle |
Wei Jiang Huiqiang Wang Bingyang Li Haibin Lv Qingchuan Meng A multi-user multi-operator computing pricing method for Internet of things based on bi-level optimization International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
author_facet |
Wei Jiang Huiqiang Wang Bingyang Li Haibin Lv Qingchuan Meng |
author_sort |
Wei Jiang |
title |
A multi-user multi-operator computing pricing method for Internet of things based on bi-level optimization |
title_short |
A multi-user multi-operator computing pricing method for Internet of things based on bi-level optimization |
title_full |
A multi-user multi-operator computing pricing method for Internet of things based on bi-level optimization |
title_fullStr |
A multi-user multi-operator computing pricing method for Internet of things based on bi-level optimization |
title_full_unstemmed |
A multi-user multi-operator computing pricing method for Internet of things based on bi-level optimization |
title_sort |
multi-user multi-operator computing pricing method for internet of things based on bi-level optimization |
publisher |
SAGE Publishing |
series |
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
issn |
1550-1477 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
The Internet of mobile things is a promising paradigm that generates, stores, and processes amount of real-time data to render rich services for mobile users. Along with the increase of mobile devices in the field of Internet of things, more and more intelligent applications, such as face recognition and virtual reality, have emerged. These applications typically consume large amounts of computing and energy resources. However, due to the physical size limitations of Internet of things terminals, their computing capacity and power are limited, where users’ needs for application processing delay and power consumption cannot be met. Therefore, the concept of edge cloud computing has been proposed, which enhances the computing capacity of Internet of things terminals by offloading user tasks to edge servers for computation. When there are multiple operators, it is important to understand how users choose an operator to perform computation and how operators can reasonably price the computing capacity to meet their own interests. Therefore, we study the computation pricing and user decision-making problems of Internet of things under multi-user and multi-operator scenarios. The problem is divided into three phases and modeled as a two-level optimization problem. While an operator’s goal is to minimize the loss of his interests, the user’s goal is to minimize the computation cost (energy consumption and price). First, since the lower-level user decision-making problem is an integer linear programming problem, we transform it into an equivalent continuous linear programming problem by relaxation. Second, we transform the bi-level optimization problem into an equivalent single-level optimization problem by substituting the lower problem’s Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions into an upper problem. Finally, we use a spatial branch and bound algorithm to solve the problem. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively maintain the benefits of both operators and users in the field of Internet of things. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719900110 |
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