Equivalence of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Operation of SAW Resonators and Delay Lines

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors in the form of two-port resonators or delay lines are widely used in various fields of application. The readout of such sensors is achieved by electronic systems operating either in an open-loop or in a closed-loop configuration. The mode of operation of the senso...

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Main Authors:	Phillip Durdaut, Michael Höft, Jean-Michel Friedt, Enrico Rubiola
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2019-01-01
Series:	Sensors
Subjects:	delay line frequency detection open-loop vs. closed-loop phase detection phase noise phase-sensitive sensors readout systems resonator SAW sensors
Online Access:	http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/185

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spelling	doaj-d24005b7207041b38c17575c1138ecdd2020-11-25T01:19:07ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-01-0119118510.3390/s19010185s19010185Equivalence of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Operation of SAW Resonators and Delay LinesPhillip Durdaut0Michael Höft1Jean-Michel Friedt2Enrico Rubiola3Chair of Microwave Engineering, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, GermanyChair of Microwave Engineering, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, GermanyFEMTO-ST Institute, Department of Time and Frequency, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), and CNRS, ENSMM, 26 Rue de l’Épitaphe, 25000 Besançon, FranceFEMTO-ST Institute, Department of Time and Frequency, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), and CNRS, ENSMM, 26 Rue de l’Épitaphe, 25000 Besançon, FranceSurface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors in the form of two-port resonators or delay lines are widely used in various fields of application. The readout of such sensors is achieved by electronic systems operating either in an open-loop or in a closed-loop configuration. The mode of operation of the sensor system is usually chosen based on requirements like, e.g., bandwidth, dynamic range, linearity, costs, and immunity against environmental influences. Because the limit of detection (LOD) at the output of a sensor system is often one of the most important figures of merit, both readout structures, i.e., open-loop and closed-loop systems, are analyzed in terms of the minimum achievable LOD. Based on a comprehensive phase noise analysis of these structures for both resonant sensors and delay line sensors, expressions for the various limits of detection are derived. Under generally valid conditions, the equivalence of open-loop and closed-loop operation is shown for both types of sensors. These results are not only valid for SAW devices, but are also applicable to all kinds of phase-sensitive sensors.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/185delay linefrequency detectionopen-loop vs. closed-loopphase detectionphase noisephase-sensitive sensorsreadout systemsresonatorSAW sensors
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Phillip Durdaut Michael Höft Jean-Michel Friedt Enrico Rubiola
spellingShingle	Phillip Durdaut Michael Höft Jean-Michel Friedt Enrico Rubiola Equivalence of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Operation of SAW Resonators and Delay Lines Sensors delay line frequency detection open-loop vs. closed-loop phase detection phase noise phase-sensitive sensors readout systems resonator SAW sensors
author_facet	Phillip Durdaut Michael Höft Jean-Michel Friedt Enrico Rubiola
author_sort	Phillip Durdaut
title	Equivalence of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Operation of SAW Resonators and Delay Lines
title_short	Equivalence of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Operation of SAW Resonators and Delay Lines
title_full	Equivalence of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Operation of SAW Resonators and Delay Lines
title_fullStr	Equivalence of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Operation of SAW Resonators and Delay Lines
title_full_unstemmed	Equivalence of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Operation of SAW Resonators and Delay Lines
title_sort	equivalence of open-loop and closed-loop operation of saw resonators and delay lines
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Sensors
issn	1424-8220
publishDate	2019-01-01
description	Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors in the form of two-port resonators or delay lines are widely used in various fields of application. The readout of such sensors is achieved by electronic systems operating either in an open-loop or in a closed-loop configuration. The mode of operation of the sensor system is usually chosen based on requirements like, e.g., bandwidth, dynamic range, linearity, costs, and immunity against environmental influences. Because the limit of detection (LOD) at the output of a sensor system is often one of the most important figures of merit, both readout structures, i.e., open-loop and closed-loop systems, are analyzed in terms of the minimum achievable LOD. Based on a comprehensive phase noise analysis of these structures for both resonant sensors and delay line sensors, expressions for the various limits of detection are derived. Under generally valid conditions, the equivalence of open-loop and closed-loop operation is shown for both types of sensors. These results are not only valid for SAW devices, but are also applicable to all kinds of phase-sensitive sensors.
topic	delay line frequency detection open-loop vs. closed-loop phase detection phase noise phase-sensitive sensors readout systems resonator SAW sensors
url	http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/185
work_keys_str_mv	AT phillipdurdaut equivalenceofopenloopandclosedloopoperationofsawresonatorsanddelaylines AT michaelhoft equivalenceofopenloopandclosedloopoperationofsawresonatorsanddelaylines AT jeanmichelfriedt equivalenceofopenloopandclosedloopoperationofsawresonatorsanddelaylines AT enricorubiola equivalenceofopenloopandclosedloopoperationofsawresonatorsanddelaylines
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Equivalence of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Operation of SAW Resonators and Delay Lines

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