Polylactide-based biomaterial and its use as bone implants (analytical literature review)

• Main Authors: N.V. Dedukh, V.B. Makarov, A.D. Pavlov
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Zaslavsky O.Yu. 2019-02-01
• Series: Bolʹ, Sustavy, Pozvonočnik
• Subjects: polylactide; PLA; composite materials; implants; biodegradation; bone surgery
• Online Access: http://pjs.zaslavsky.com.ua/article/view/163056

In many areas of medicine, implants from various synthetic and natural biomaterials are widely used. One of the materials that are most often used to create implants is polylactide (PLA), a feature of which is biodegradation in implantation sites, osseointegration, the ability to induce bone formation and high biocompatibility with the body. Aim of the review is to analyze and summarize data on the rearrangement in the bone of biodegradable biomaterials based on polylactide and to identify trends in the development of the problem. The review of the literature presents a general description of PLA and identifies historical milestones in the development of the problem and the use of biodegradable polymers in bone surgery. The data on the factors affecting the biodegradation of this biomaterial in the bones are presented and the peculiarities of its osseointegration are determined depending on composition. The data on the use of PLA and copolymers in bone surgery and regenerative medicine are given. An important direction for future researches will be the development of composite biomaterials based on PLA with the desired qualities of osseointegration and controlled biodegradation. New trends in the use of implants based on composite materials made from PLA in bone surgery and creation of implants using 3D printing are presented.