Fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to the surface at Fukuoka, Japan, studied using <sup>7</sup>Be measurements and trajectory calculations

By using high concentrations of <sup>7</sup>Be as an indicator, we clarify fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to Earth's surface, with the study site being in Fukuoka, Japan. Most routes arise from high latitudes through the following processes. First, the...

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Main Authors: H. Itoh, Y. Narazaki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2016-05-01
Series:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Online Access:https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/6241/2016/acp-16-6241-2016.pdf
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spelling doaj-d152c9a675b14bc1ab0ac0511c4a46c22020-11-24T21:05:33ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242016-05-01166241626110.5194/acp-16-6241-2016Fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to the surface at Fukuoka, Japan, studied using <sup>7</sup>Be measurements and trajectory calculationsH. Itoh0Y. Narazaki1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, JapanFukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39, Mukai-Zano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, 818-0315, JapanBy using high concentrations of <sup>7</sup>Be as an indicator, we clarify fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to Earth's surface, with the study site being in Fukuoka, Japan. Most routes arise from high latitudes through the following processes. First, the descent associated with a tropopause fold occurs, followed by southward movement with slow descent at the rear side of a strong trough. Because this motion occurs along an isentropic surface, the descending air parcels nearly conserve the potential temperature. As an extension, a strong descent associated with a sharp drop in the isentropic-surface height occurs at the southern edge of the trough; this transports air parcels to low altitudes. This process involves irreversible phenomena such as filamentation and cutoff of potential vorticity. Finally, upon meeting appropriate near-surface disturbances, parcels at low altitudes are transported to Earth's surface.<br><br>In some cases, parcels descend within midlatitudes. In such routes, because the potential temperature is much higher at high altitudes than at low altitudes, descent with conservation of the potential temperature is impossible, and the potential temperature decreases along the trajectories through mixing.<br><br>The prevalence of the high-latitude route is explained as follows. In the midlatitude route, because parcels at high and relatively low altitudes mix, the high concentrations of <sup>7</sup>Be included in high-altitude parcels are difficult to maintain. Therefore, for parcels to arrive at low altitudes in the midlatitude while maintaining high concentrations of <sup>7</sup>Be, i.e., conserving the potential temperature, their area of origin should be high altitudes in high latitudes where the potential temperature is almost the same as that in the arrival area.</p><p class="p">In spring, tropopause folds are frequent in high latitudes, disturbances in the southward transport of parcels are strong, and disturbances occur by which parcels descend to the surface. Therefore, high concentrations of <sup>7</sup>Be occur most frequently in spring.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/6241/2016/acp-16-6241-2016.pdf
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author H. Itoh
Y. Narazaki
spellingShingle H. Itoh
Y. Narazaki
Fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to the surface at Fukuoka, Japan, studied using <sup>7</sup>Be measurements and trajectory calculations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
author_facet H. Itoh
Y. Narazaki
author_sort H. Itoh
title Fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to the surface at Fukuoka, Japan, studied using <sup>7</sup>Be measurements and trajectory calculations
title_short Fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to the surface at Fukuoka, Japan, studied using <sup>7</sup>Be measurements and trajectory calculations
title_full Fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to the surface at Fukuoka, Japan, studied using <sup>7</sup>Be measurements and trajectory calculations
title_fullStr Fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to the surface at Fukuoka, Japan, studied using <sup>7</sup>Be measurements and trajectory calculations
title_full_unstemmed Fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to the surface at Fukuoka, Japan, studied using <sup>7</sup>Be measurements and trajectory calculations
title_sort fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to the surface at fukuoka, japan, studied using <sup>7</sup>be measurements and trajectory calculations
publisher Copernicus Publications
series Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
issn 1680-7316
1680-7324
publishDate 2016-05-01
description By using high concentrations of <sup>7</sup>Be as an indicator, we clarify fast descent routes from within or near the stratosphere to Earth's surface, with the study site being in Fukuoka, Japan. Most routes arise from high latitudes through the following processes. First, the descent associated with a tropopause fold occurs, followed by southward movement with slow descent at the rear side of a strong trough. Because this motion occurs along an isentropic surface, the descending air parcels nearly conserve the potential temperature. As an extension, a strong descent associated with a sharp drop in the isentropic-surface height occurs at the southern edge of the trough; this transports air parcels to low altitudes. This process involves irreversible phenomena such as filamentation and cutoff of potential vorticity. Finally, upon meeting appropriate near-surface disturbances, parcels at low altitudes are transported to Earth's surface.<br><br>In some cases, parcels descend within midlatitudes. In such routes, because the potential temperature is much higher at high altitudes than at low altitudes, descent with conservation of the potential temperature is impossible, and the potential temperature decreases along the trajectories through mixing.<br><br>The prevalence of the high-latitude route is explained as follows. In the midlatitude route, because parcels at high and relatively low altitudes mix, the high concentrations of <sup>7</sup>Be included in high-altitude parcels are difficult to maintain. Therefore, for parcels to arrive at low altitudes in the midlatitude while maintaining high concentrations of <sup>7</sup>Be, i.e., conserving the potential temperature, their area of origin should be high altitudes in high latitudes where the potential temperature is almost the same as that in the arrival area.</p><p class="p">In spring, tropopause folds are frequent in high latitudes, disturbances in the southward transport of parcels are strong, and disturbances occur by which parcels descend to the surface. Therefore, high concentrations of <sup>7</sup>Be occur most frequently in spring.
url https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/6241/2016/acp-16-6241-2016.pdf
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