The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge

Background. Amnion grafts can be preserved as freeze-dried amnion membrane (FD-AM) and amnion sponge. Preserved grafts require to be sterilized by gamma irradiation. However, each step of the process could affect its biological properties. Even so, there are only a few studies that report the influe...

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Main Authors: Heri Suroto, Deny M. Aryawan, Camilla A. Prakoeswa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Hindawi Limited 2021-01-01
Series:International Journal of Biomaterials
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6685225
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spelling doaj-d14a669f707a4930beb746135e4aae5f2021-04-19T00:04:33ZengHindawi LimitedInternational Journal of Biomaterials1687-87952021-01-01202110.1155/2021/6685225The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion SpongeHeri Suroto0Deny M. Aryawan1Camilla A. Prakoeswa2Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyDepartment of Orthopedics & TraumatologyFaculty of MedicineBackground. Amnion grafts can be preserved as freeze-dried amnion membrane (FD-AM) and amnion sponge. Preserved grafts require to be sterilized by gamma irradiation. However, each step of the process could affect its biological properties. Even so, there are only a few studies that report the influence of the preservation method and gamma irradiation on growth factor levels in preserved amniotic grafts. Methods. This was an in vitro experimental study with a pretest-posttest group design using a consecutive sampling technique in one batch of amnion donors at a particular time. The amnion was made into FD-AM and amnion sponge preparations, and they were sterilized with gamma irradiation (15 kGy and 25 kGy). Nonirradiated specimens served as controls, and 20 mg of each specimen was pulverized to evaluate the growth factors levels using ELISA. Results. There were significant decreases in amnion sponge compared to the FD-AM, both in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels and in the preirradiated and 25 kGy postirradiated preparations (p≤0.05). The growth factor levels in the preirradiated and postirradiated FD-AM (both 15 kGy and 25 kGy) showed significant differences (p≤0.05). Likewise, the preirradiated amnion sponge group’s growth factor levels compared with the postirradiated amnion sponge group also showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05). Conclusion. TGF-β and bFGF levels were lower in amnion sponge than FD-AM. The FD-AM and amnion sponge preparations’ growth factors levels were reduced following gamma irradiation sterilization. Although the decrease in growth factor levels is significant, the number of growth factor levels is still sufficient for tissue healing.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6685225
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Heri Suroto
Deny M. Aryawan
Camilla A. Prakoeswa
spellingShingle Heri Suroto
Deny M. Aryawan
Camilla A. Prakoeswa
The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge
International Journal of Biomaterials
author_facet Heri Suroto
Deny M. Aryawan
Camilla A. Prakoeswa
author_sort Heri Suroto
title The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge
title_short The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge
title_full The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge
title_fullStr The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge
title_full_unstemmed The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge
title_sort influence of the preservation method and gamma irradiation sterilization on tgf-β and bfgf levels in freeze-dried amnion membrane (fd-am) and amnion sponge
publisher Hindawi Limited
series International Journal of Biomaterials
issn 1687-8795
publishDate 2021-01-01
description Background. Amnion grafts can be preserved as freeze-dried amnion membrane (FD-AM) and amnion sponge. Preserved grafts require to be sterilized by gamma irradiation. However, each step of the process could affect its biological properties. Even so, there are only a few studies that report the influence of the preservation method and gamma irradiation on growth factor levels in preserved amniotic grafts. Methods. This was an in vitro experimental study with a pretest-posttest group design using a consecutive sampling technique in one batch of amnion donors at a particular time. The amnion was made into FD-AM and amnion sponge preparations, and they were sterilized with gamma irradiation (15 kGy and 25 kGy). Nonirradiated specimens served as controls, and 20 mg of each specimen was pulverized to evaluate the growth factors levels using ELISA. Results. There were significant decreases in amnion sponge compared to the FD-AM, both in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels and in the preirradiated and 25 kGy postirradiated preparations (p≤0.05). The growth factor levels in the preirradiated and postirradiated FD-AM (both 15 kGy and 25 kGy) showed significant differences (p≤0.05). Likewise, the preirradiated amnion sponge group’s growth factor levels compared with the postirradiated amnion sponge group also showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05). Conclusion. TGF-β and bFGF levels were lower in amnion sponge than FD-AM. The FD-AM and amnion sponge preparations’ growth factors levels were reduced following gamma irradiation sterilization. Although the decrease in growth factor levels is significant, the number of growth factor levels is still sufficient for tissue healing.
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6685225
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