| Summary: | As a folk medicine, <i>Moringa oleifera</i> L. is used effectively to treat inflammatory conditions and skin diseases. However, its mechanism of action is not well understood, limiting its medical use. We isolated and identified three compounds, namely niazirin, marumoside A and sitosterol-<i>3</i>-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucoside, from the seeds of <i>Moringa oleifera</i>, and studied their effects on the expression of Th17-relevant cytokines (IL-12/IL-23 p40, IL-17A, IL-22 and IL-23 p19) using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. Additionally, as Th17 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we used a <i>12</i>-<i>O</i>-tetradecanoylphorbol-<i>13</i>-acetate (TPA)-induced psoriasis-like skin lesion mouse model to study their potential therapeutic application in vivo. The compounds suppressed the expression of IL-12/IL-23 p40, IL-17A, IL-22 and IL-23 p19 in vitro, and in vivo they ameliorated psoriasis-like skin lesions, decreased IL-17A mRNA expression, and increased the expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the mechanism and therapeutic application of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> seeds to treat psoriasis-like lesions in vivo.
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