Water and Manufacturing Process Effect on Cow’s Milk Content in Essential Inorganic Elements

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of mineral content of drinking water on mineral content of cow’s milk, and to evaluate the effect of skimming process on mineral content of milk. The mineral content of milk is particularly important to the infant food formula industry, whilst...

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Main Authors: Chrysostomos Vasilios Milis, Vincenzo Tufarelli, Vasiliki Kinigopoulou, Chrysa Mastrodimou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Agroprint Timisoara 2018-11-01
Series:Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies
Subjects:
Online Access:http://spasb.ro/index.php/spasb/article/view/2421
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spelling doaj-cf690e75a5294fc58b8730aceaed3abb2020-11-25T03:36:08ZengAgroprint TimisoaraScientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies1841-93642344-45762018-11-0151218252124Water and Manufacturing Process Effect on Cow’s Milk Content in Essential Inorganic ElementsChrysostomos Vasilios Milis0Vincenzo Tufarelli1Vasiliki Kinigopoulou2Chrysa Mastrodimou3Ministry of Rural Development and Foods Soil, plant, water and fertilizers analysis of central Macedonia, Sindos 57400Professor, University of BariSoil and water resources Institute, Sindos ThessalonikiHarokopio University of AthensThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of mineral content of drinking water on mineral content of cow’s milk, and to evaluate the effect of skimming process on mineral content of milk. The mineral content of milk is particularly important to the infant food formula industry, whilst milk products cover significant proportion of adult requirements in inorganic elements. Presently water is not considered feed and official controls in EU are restricted to complete feed for ruminants (complementary feed and forages), excluding water quality and content. Nevertheless, water is the main constituent (87%) of milk.  Thirty Holstein Friesian cows, with the same milk production; parity and stage of lactation where randomly allocated in to two equal groups and fed the same ration but had access to different water supply, in a changeover design. Additionally, milk samples with different fat content 0, 1.5 and 3.5% were taken during the year, from manufacturing milk supplies, representing the 90% of Greek milk pool. The elements determined were Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe by the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy, and P was determined through UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Water did not have significant effect on the content of Ca and P but significant effect on Mg, Cu and Mn content of milk. Milk fat removal significantly increased the content of Ca, P, and Mg. Manufacturing process did not affect micro element content. The elements Zn and Fe were not affected by manufacturing process neither by drinking water. Food composition tables should be updated as macro mineral content of milk is reduced gradually corresponding to higher yielding cows; whilst trace element content tend to increase as a result of higher proportion of concentrates fed.http://spasb.ro/index.php/spasb/article/view/2421drinking watercow’s milkinorganic elementsskim milk
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Chrysostomos Vasilios Milis
Vincenzo Tufarelli
Vasiliki Kinigopoulou
Chrysa Mastrodimou
spellingShingle Chrysostomos Vasilios Milis
Vincenzo Tufarelli
Vasiliki Kinigopoulou
Chrysa Mastrodimou
Water and Manufacturing Process Effect on Cow’s Milk Content in Essential Inorganic Elements
Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies
drinking water
cow’s milk
inorganic elements
skim milk
author_facet Chrysostomos Vasilios Milis
Vincenzo Tufarelli
Vasiliki Kinigopoulou
Chrysa Mastrodimou
author_sort Chrysostomos Vasilios Milis
title Water and Manufacturing Process Effect on Cow’s Milk Content in Essential Inorganic Elements
title_short Water and Manufacturing Process Effect on Cow’s Milk Content in Essential Inorganic Elements
title_full Water and Manufacturing Process Effect on Cow’s Milk Content in Essential Inorganic Elements
title_fullStr Water and Manufacturing Process Effect on Cow’s Milk Content in Essential Inorganic Elements
title_full_unstemmed Water and Manufacturing Process Effect on Cow’s Milk Content in Essential Inorganic Elements
title_sort water and manufacturing process effect on cow’s milk content in essential inorganic elements
publisher Agroprint Timisoara
series Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies
issn 1841-9364
2344-4576
publishDate 2018-11-01
description The objective of this study was to determine the effects of mineral content of drinking water on mineral content of cow’s milk, and to evaluate the effect of skimming process on mineral content of milk. The mineral content of milk is particularly important to the infant food formula industry, whilst milk products cover significant proportion of adult requirements in inorganic elements. Presently water is not considered feed and official controls in EU are restricted to complete feed for ruminants (complementary feed and forages), excluding water quality and content. Nevertheless, water is the main constituent (87%) of milk.  Thirty Holstein Friesian cows, with the same milk production; parity and stage of lactation where randomly allocated in to two equal groups and fed the same ration but had access to different water supply, in a changeover design. Additionally, milk samples with different fat content 0, 1.5 and 3.5% were taken during the year, from manufacturing milk supplies, representing the 90% of Greek milk pool. The elements determined were Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe by the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy, and P was determined through UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Water did not have significant effect on the content of Ca and P but significant effect on Mg, Cu and Mn content of milk. Milk fat removal significantly increased the content of Ca, P, and Mg. Manufacturing process did not affect micro element content. The elements Zn and Fe were not affected by manufacturing process neither by drinking water. Food composition tables should be updated as macro mineral content of milk is reduced gradually corresponding to higher yielding cows; whilst trace element content tend to increase as a result of higher proportion of concentrates fed.
topic drinking water
cow’s milk
inorganic elements
skim milk
url http://spasb.ro/index.php/spasb/article/view/2421
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AT vincenzotufarelli waterandmanufacturingprocesseffectoncowsmilkcontentinessentialinorganicelements
AT vasilikikinigopoulou waterandmanufacturingprocesseffectoncowsmilkcontentinessentialinorganicelements
AT chrysamastrodimou waterandmanufacturingprocesseffectoncowsmilkcontentinessentialinorganicelements
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