Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic Pathways

Ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OAT, E.C. 2.6.1.13) catalyzes the transfer of the δ-amino group from ornithine (Orn) to α-ketoglutarate (aKG), yielding glutamate-5-semialdehyde and glutamate (Glu), and vice versa. In mammals, OAT is a mitochondrial enzyme, mainly located in the liver, intestine, brain...

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Main Authors:	Antonin Ginguay, Luc Cynober, Emmanuel Curis, Ioannis Nicolis
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2017-03-01
Series:	Biology
Subjects:	ornithine aminotransferase glutamate ornithine gyrate atrophy
Online Access:	http://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/6/1/18

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spelling	doaj-ce62505a32d340c78a197f86340fda382020-11-24T23:07:08ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372017-03-01611810.3390/biology6010018biology6010018Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic PathwaysAntonin Ginguay0Luc Cynober1Emmanuel Curis2Ioannis Nicolis3Clinical Chemistry, Cochin Hospital, GH HUPC, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, FranceClinical Chemistry, Cochin Hospital, GH HUPC, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, FranceLaboratoire de biomathématiques, plateau iB², Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, FranceLaboratoire de biomathématiques, plateau iB², Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, FranceOrnithine δ-aminotransferase (OAT, E.C. 2.6.1.13) catalyzes the transfer of the δ-amino group from ornithine (Orn) to α-ketoglutarate (aKG), yielding glutamate-5-semialdehyde and glutamate (Glu), and vice versa. In mammals, OAT is a mitochondrial enzyme, mainly located in the liver, intestine, brain, and kidney. In general, OAT serves to form glutamate from ornithine, with the notable exception of the intestine, where citrulline (Cit) or arginine (Arg) are end products. Its main function is to control the production of signaling molecules and mediators, such as Glu itself, Cit, GABA, and aliphatic polyamines. It is also involved in proline (Pro) synthesis. Deficiency in OAT causes gyrate atrophy, a rare but serious inherited disease, a further measure of the importance of this enzyme.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/6/1/18ornithine aminotransferaseglutamateornithinegyrate atrophy
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Antonin Ginguay Luc Cynober Emmanuel Curis Ioannis Nicolis
spellingShingle	Antonin Ginguay Luc Cynober Emmanuel Curis Ioannis Nicolis Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic Pathways Biology ornithine aminotransferase glutamate ornithine gyrate atrophy
author_facet	Antonin Ginguay Luc Cynober Emmanuel Curis Ioannis Nicolis
author_sort	Antonin Ginguay
title	Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic Pathways
title_short	Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic Pathways
title_full	Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic Pathways
title_fullStr	Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic Pathways
title_full_unstemmed	Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic Pathways
title_sort	ornithine aminotransferase, an important glutamate-metabolizing enzyme at the crossroads of multiple metabolic pathways
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Biology
issn	2079-7737
publishDate	2017-03-01
description	Ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OAT, E.C. 2.6.1.13) catalyzes the transfer of the δ-amino group from ornithine (Orn) to α-ketoglutarate (aKG), yielding glutamate-5-semialdehyde and glutamate (Glu), and vice versa. In mammals, OAT is a mitochondrial enzyme, mainly located in the liver, intestine, brain, and kidney. In general, OAT serves to form glutamate from ornithine, with the notable exception of the intestine, where citrulline (Cit) or arginine (Arg) are end products. Its main function is to control the production of signaling molecules and mediators, such as Glu itself, Cit, GABA, and aliphatic polyamines. It is also involved in proline (Pro) synthesis. Deficiency in OAT causes gyrate atrophy, a rare but serious inherited disease, a further measure of the importance of this enzyme.
topic	ornithine aminotransferase glutamate ornithine gyrate atrophy
url	http://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/6/1/18
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Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic Pathways

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