| Summary: | The indentation of a sphere into an elastoplastic half-space is considered, which is accompanied by pile-up / sink-in effects, extrusion of material around a sphere (formation of a bulk) and elastic sinking of the material. The evolution of studies of the indicated phenomena is shown. Based on the similarity of the deformation characteristics, expressions are obtained for determining the indentation depth, the depth of the residual crater, and the contact depth depending on the degree of loading. In this case, the influence of the characteristics of the hardened material — the yield strength and the hardening exponent — were taken into account. The radial boundary of the bulk is determined from the volume of the displaced material. Expressions are obtained for describing the profile of a loaded and unloaded crater.
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