Methanol extract of Cola nitida ameliorates inflammation and nociception in experimental animals

Methanol extract of Cola nitida (MECN) was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities using rats and mice. Inflammatory activity of MECN was assessed by carrageenan-induced paw oedema while analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid –induced writhing and formalin paw lick test...

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Main Authors: Lawrence Dayo Adedayo, Alaba Olumide Ojo, Funmileyi Olubanjo Awobajo, Boluwatife Adetoyin Adeboye, James Adedayo Adebisi, Temitope Joshua Bankole, Gideon Opeyemi Ayilara, Olubayode Bamidele, Nimedia Gideon Aitokhuehi, Samuel Adetunji Onasanwo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2019-01-01
Series:Neurobiology of Pain
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452073X18300175
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author Lawrence Dayo Adedayo
Alaba Olumide Ojo
Funmileyi Olubanjo Awobajo
Boluwatife Adetoyin Adeboye
James Adedayo Adebisi
Temitope Joshua Bankole
Gideon Opeyemi Ayilara
Olubayode Bamidele
Nimedia Gideon Aitokhuehi
Samuel Adetunji Onasanwo
spellingShingle Lawrence Dayo Adedayo
Alaba Olumide Ojo
Funmileyi Olubanjo Awobajo
Boluwatife Adetoyin Adeboye
James Adedayo Adebisi
Temitope Joshua Bankole
Gideon Opeyemi Ayilara
Olubayode Bamidele
Nimedia Gideon Aitokhuehi
Samuel Adetunji Onasanwo
Methanol extract of Cola nitida ameliorates inflammation and nociception in experimental animals
Neurobiology of Pain
author_facet Lawrence Dayo Adedayo
Alaba Olumide Ojo
Funmileyi Olubanjo Awobajo
Boluwatife Adetoyin Adeboye
James Adedayo Adebisi
Temitope Joshua Bankole
Gideon Opeyemi Ayilara
Olubayode Bamidele
Nimedia Gideon Aitokhuehi
Samuel Adetunji Onasanwo
author_sort Lawrence Dayo Adedayo
title Methanol extract of Cola nitida ameliorates inflammation and nociception in experimental animals
title_short Methanol extract of Cola nitida ameliorates inflammation and nociception in experimental animals
title_full Methanol extract of Cola nitida ameliorates inflammation and nociception in experimental animals
title_fullStr Methanol extract of Cola nitida ameliorates inflammation and nociception in experimental animals
title_full_unstemmed Methanol extract of Cola nitida ameliorates inflammation and nociception in experimental animals
title_sort methanol extract of cola nitida ameliorates inflammation and nociception in experimental animals
publisher Elsevier
series Neurobiology of Pain
issn 2452-073X
publishDate 2019-01-01
description Methanol extract of Cola nitida (MECN) was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities using rats and mice. Inflammatory activity of MECN was assessed by carrageenan-induced paw oedema while analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid –induced writhing and formalin paw lick test. Histological analyses of the paws were also carried out. There was evaluation of the mechanism(s) of action of MECN using naloxone, a blocker of opioid receptors; atropine, blocker of muscarinic receptors; and propranolol, blocker of beta adrenergic receptors. Findings from the study revealed that MECN has both anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. These properties were found to be dose dependent with 200 mg/kg of MECN discovered to be the most potent dose. 200 mg/kg was able to cause statistically significant reduction in paw size (p < 0.001) when compared with the carrageenan group. Histological analysis revealed that rats treated with 200 mg/kg of MECN showed no inflammatory cells in the left paw compared to other groups treated with carrageenan. In the formalin test, the number of paw licking was significantly reduced by MECN at 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg in both neurogenic and inflammatory pain responses (p < 0.001) even as 200 mg/kg showed the highest percentage inhibition of 98.17% while 100 mg/kg of aspirin showed percentage inhibition of 93.66%. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of MECN produced significant inhibition of writhes when compared with control as highest inhibition is observed in mice that received 200 mg/kg which is similar to aspirin. Administration of propranolol and naloxone was unable to reverse the analgesic function of MECN. However, atropine administration blocked the analgesic function of MECN. This shows that MECN exhibits its analgesic property through cholinergic pathway and not opioid and adrenergic pathways. Phytochemical screening revealed that MECN contains flavonoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinines, terpenoids, and alkanoids. These phytochemical contents may thus be responsible for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Keywords: Analgesic, Anti-inflammation, Cola nitida, Carrageenan
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452073X18300175
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spelling doaj-ce21c0b14a1a4c8fb0d517256522ee5a2020-11-24T21:09:37ZengElsevierNeurobiology of Pain2452-073X2019-01-015Methanol extract of Cola nitida ameliorates inflammation and nociception in experimental animalsLawrence Dayo Adedayo0Alaba Olumide Ojo1Funmileyi Olubanjo Awobajo2Boluwatife Adetoyin Adeboye3James Adedayo Adebisi4Temitope Joshua Bankole5Gideon Opeyemi Ayilara6Olubayode Bamidele7Nimedia Gideon Aitokhuehi8Samuel Adetunji Onasanwo9Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Corresponding author.Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, NigeriaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, NigeriaNeurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, NigeriaNeurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, NigeriaNeurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, NigeriaDepartment of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, NigeriaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, NigeriaNeurosciences and Oral Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, NigeriaNeurosciences and Oral Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, NigeriaMethanol extract of Cola nitida (MECN) was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities using rats and mice. Inflammatory activity of MECN was assessed by carrageenan-induced paw oedema while analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid –induced writhing and formalin paw lick test. Histological analyses of the paws were also carried out. There was evaluation of the mechanism(s) of action of MECN using naloxone, a blocker of opioid receptors; atropine, blocker of muscarinic receptors; and propranolol, blocker of beta adrenergic receptors. Findings from the study revealed that MECN has both anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. These properties were found to be dose dependent with 200 mg/kg of MECN discovered to be the most potent dose. 200 mg/kg was able to cause statistically significant reduction in paw size (p < 0.001) when compared with the carrageenan group. Histological analysis revealed that rats treated with 200 mg/kg of MECN showed no inflammatory cells in the left paw compared to other groups treated with carrageenan. In the formalin test, the number of paw licking was significantly reduced by MECN at 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg in both neurogenic and inflammatory pain responses (p < 0.001) even as 200 mg/kg showed the highest percentage inhibition of 98.17% while 100 mg/kg of aspirin showed percentage inhibition of 93.66%. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of MECN produced significant inhibition of writhes when compared with control as highest inhibition is observed in mice that received 200 mg/kg which is similar to aspirin. Administration of propranolol and naloxone was unable to reverse the analgesic function of MECN. However, atropine administration blocked the analgesic function of MECN. This shows that MECN exhibits its analgesic property through cholinergic pathway and not opioid and adrenergic pathways. Phytochemical screening revealed that MECN contains flavonoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinines, terpenoids, and alkanoids. These phytochemical contents may thus be responsible for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Keywords: Analgesic, Anti-inflammation, Cola nitida, Carrageenanhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452073X18300175