Fingerprinting, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer, Cyclooxygenase and Metabolic Enzymes Inhibitory Characteristic Evaluations of <i>Stachys viticina</i> Boiss. Essential Oil

• Main Authors: Nidal Jaradat, Nawaf Al-Maharik
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019-10-01
• Series: Molecules
• Subjects: <i>stachys viticina</i>; essential oil; cytotoxicity; antioxidant; antimicrobial; metabolic enzymes; cyclooxygenase
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/21/3880

The present study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and to assess the in-vitro, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, metabolic enzymes and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory properties of essential oil (EO) of <i>Stachys viticina</i> Boiss. leaves. The <i>S. viticina</i> EO was isolated and identified using microwave-ultrasonic and GC-MS techniques, respectively. Fifty-two compounds were identified, of which <i>endo</i>-borneol was the major component, followed by eucalyptol and epizonarene. The EO was evaluated against a panel of in-vitro bioassays. The EO displayed antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Epidermophyton floccosum</i>, with MIC values of 0.039, 0.078 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The EO exhibited cytotoxicity against HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma) and Colo-205 (colon) cancer cell lines with percentages of inhibition of 95% and 90%, for EO concentrations of 1.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, it showed metabolic enzyme (&#945;-amylase, &#945;-glucosidase, and lipase) inhibitory (IC₅₀ = 45.22 &#177; 1.1, 63.09 &#177; 0.26, 501.18 &#177; 0.38 &#181;g/mL, respectively) and antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 19.95 &#177; 2.08 &#181;g/mL. Moreover, the <i>S. viticina</i> EO showed high cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2 with IC₅₀ values of 0.25 and 0.5 &#181;g/mL, respectively, similar to those of the positive control (the NSAID etodolac). Outcomes amassed from this investigation illustrate that <i>S. viticina</i> EO represents a rich source of pharmacologically active molecules which can be further validated and explored clinically for its therapeutic potential and for the development and design of new natural therapeutic preparations.