The visual analog rating scale of health-related quality of life: an examination of end-digit preferences

• Main Author: Shmueli Amir
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2005-11-01
• Series: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
• Subjects: Visual Analog Scale; End-digit preference; Health-Related Quality of Life
• Online Access: http://www.hqlo.com/content/3/1/71

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) has been extensively used in the valuation of health-related quality of life (HRQL). The objective of this paper is to examine the measurement error (rounding) explanation for the higher prevalence of VAS scores ending with a zero, and to provide an alternative interpretation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The analysis is based on more than 4,500 reported VAS valuations of own HRQL, included in two Israeli health surveys (1993 and 2000). Bivariate and logistic regression analyses are used.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results show that reporting VAS scores ending with a 0 (...-20, ..0,10,20.....) decreases and scores ending with a 5 (...-15,-5,5,15,25,...) and with any other integer (...-12, -11,...1,2,...,92,..99) increases as VAS scores depart from 50, particularly when increasing up to 100. This pattern remains after controlling for personal characteristics determining the level of VAS.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Rounding true HRQL to the nearest 10's or 5's cannot explain the specific pattern found. It is suggested that this pattern corresponds to a S-shaped value function, where individuals tend to evaluate their HRQL as "gains" or "losses" relative to a reference point evaluated at 50. This particular reference score originates from being a traditional "passing threshold" and the scale's midpoint. Several implications of this interpretation to the measurement of HRQL are discussed.</p>